´¾ºµÛÒÖÛÖØ´¾ºµ<strong>×</strong> ÔØÖ¾ºÓÙÒØÒÝÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÒËØÖÒÌÓÖÝ )<strong>×</strong>ÚÒÝ ´¾ºµ f ÛÖC<strong>×</strong>ØÖÖÐÑÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÐ<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong>ÔÓØØÖÓÑÔÐÜÑÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÐ<strong>×</strong>ÔÐÐÐ ´¾ºµ ÌÒÖÝd(q e ,q ˜ν)¸ÚÒÝ m Ý(˜ρ, ˜σ, ÒØÖØÓÒºÌÙ<strong>×</strong>¸ÛÚÓÑÔÙØØÒÖÝÓÖÑÙÐÝÜÔÐØÐÝÓÙÒØÒØÐ ØÖÑÒÖÓÑØÖÕÙÖÑÒØØØØÓÙÖÖÜÔÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÚÖÒØÒØÖÓÒÓ i³<strong>×</strong>Ö ÀÖM 1 , M 2ÒM 3ÖÐÖÙØÜÔÓ<strong>×</strong>ØÚÒÙÑÖ<strong>×</strong>ÛØM 3
ÔØÖ¾ºÓÙÒØÒÝÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÒËØÖÒÌÓÖÝ 2¹ÈË<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>¿¿℄´<strong>×</strong>Ð<strong>×</strong>Ó¼¸½℄µºÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÖØÓÐÐÓÛÒÝÓØÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ 2¹ÈËÝÓÒ<strong>×</strong> 4¹ÈË<strong>×</strong>ØØÝ<strong>×</strong> ÛØÓÓÖÒØλµ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÐÓÑÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÓÒ<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong>ÔÖÓ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÛÓÒ1 ÒØÓÔÖÓ1 ÓÒ1 4¹ÈËÝÓÒÒØÓØÛÓ1 dÖ<strong>×</strong>ÙØØ¿¿℄´¾ºµ , ÛÖØÒÑØ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÝÑÔÐÝØØØÒØÖ<strong>×</strong>a, ¿ºÜÒÒØØÛÓÝÔÖÓÙØ<strong>×</strong>ÑÔÐ<strong>×</strong>ØÕÙÚÐÒÙÒÖ0º b, c, ¾ºÌÕÙÚÐÒÖÐØÓÒ(a, b, c, d) ∼ (aσ −1 , bσ −1 , cσ, dσ)ÛØσ≠ ÇÒÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÛØØÝ<strong>×</strong>ÙØÐÙ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÕÙÚÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ÚÒÓÚ¸ÓÒÒÐÛÝ<strong>×</strong>ÓÓ<strong>×</strong> ØÖÑÒÝØÕÙØÓÒ¿¿¸¼℄ 4ºÁÒØÙÔÔÖ¹ÐÔÐÒ¸Ø<strong>×</strong>ÛÐÐ<strong>×</strong>ÖÖÙÐÖÖ<strong>×</strong> ºÖÕÙÒØÞØÓÒÖÕÙÖ<strong>×</strong>ad, bd, bc ∈ ZÒac ∈ Γ 1 ´¾º¼µ (N)ÓÖN 2, 3, ÛÖE<strong>×</strong>ÖÐÙÒØÓÒÓÐÐÓØÖÑÓÙÐMºÁØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÝØÓ<strong>×</strong>ØØØÖ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÖ<strong>×</strong>ØØ ÒØÖÓÖÓØÙÔÔÖÐÔÐÒÛØÖÙ<strong>×</strong>Ð<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÖ<strong>×</strong>ÒÐÐØ<strong>×</strong>ÛØØÒØÖÔØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ 0¸ØÒØÖÓØÖÐÑÓÚ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÓØ 0¸ØÖ<strong>×</strong>Ö<strong>×</strong>ѹÖÐ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÖ ÖÐλÜ<strong>×</strong>ØØÔÓÒØ<strong>×</strong>b aÒd <strong>×</strong>ÓÐØÓÒÒÓÒ¹ÞÖÓE<strong>×</strong>ØÓÓÖѳØ<strong>×</strong>ѹÖÐ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÓÖÙÐÖÖ<strong>×</strong>¸<strong>×</strong>ÓÛÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÖØØ 0¸ØÖÐ<strong>×</strong>ÓÑ<strong>×</strong>ØÖØ cÓÖÒÝEºÏÒE = ÓÒØÖÐλ¹Ü<strong>×</strong>ÛØÖÙ<strong>×</strong>1 2acºÏÒE 0º 0ºÌ ≠ ØÖÐÜ<strong>×</strong>ÖÑÒÒÙÒÒºÏÒØÖa = 0ÓÖc ÓÒÐÓÓ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖØÐÖ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ѹÖÐÛØÓÒÒØλ=0ÓÒØÖÐÜ<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÑÔØÐ ÙÒÑÒØÐÓÑÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÙØÝÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÖØÒØÚÐÙÓÊ(λ)ØÓØÒØÖÚÐ ÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ÔÖÔÒÙÐÖØÓØÖÐÜ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖE = 0ÒÑÒ<strong>×</strong>ÙØÐÒÐÓÖE ÛØØÕÙÒØÞØÓÒÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ºÌ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ѹÖÐÒØÖ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ØÖÐÜ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ÓÑÔÓÒØÒ 1ÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒØÓØÛÓÛÐÐ<strong>×</strong>ÓÑÖÒÐ<strong>×</strong>ØÐØݺÆÜظ <strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÒØÓØ<strong>×</strong>ÛÒE= [0, 1]ºÌ<strong>×</strong>ØÖØÐÒ<strong>×</strong>Ê(λ) 0, ½ºad − bc = 1º ( ) a b c d ( = ) q e −→ q m = ( ) ad q e − bd q m ⊕ ca q e − cb q m 2ac ( ) −bc q e + bd q m −ac q e + ad q m (a, b, c, d) → (c, d, −a, −b)º ∈ NZº ] [Ê(λ) − ad+bc 2 ] + [ÁÑ(λ) + E 2 = 1+E2 2ac 4a 2 c 2 , = ≠