УК гд а Уж × в
УК гд а Уж × в
УК гд а Уж × в
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Ò 2ÓÙÖºÌÝÖ ´½º½µ ´µÓÖN<br />
ØÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖº 2ºÌ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÚØÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÓÑÓÑ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ú<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ¹ÖÒ<br />
= 2ØÖ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÛØÔÓ<strong>×</strong>ØÚ(Ñ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>) α −2|0; µ k〉 −1α µ −1 ν |0; k〉 , 0ÛØÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÑÙÒÖ ÛØM 2 =<br />
ÒÖعÑÓÚÖ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÐÚÐÑØÒÓÒØÓÒÖÐØÒØØÛÓº ÐÓ<strong>×</strong>ËØÖÒÓÖÐÓ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ØÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÖØÛÓ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ÓÑÓ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒØÓØÐع ØÚÖÓÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÖÔÖ<strong>×</strong>ÒØØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÄÓÖÒØÞÖÓÙÔº ´ÚµÓÖÖÚÐÙ<strong>×</strong>ÓNØÖÓÙÖÚÖÓÙ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÛØM2 ><br />
−2¸<strong>×</strong>ÓØÝÖØÝÓÒ<strong>×</strong>¸<br />
ØÓØØÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÔÖÓÙØÓÓÒÐعÑÓÚÒÒÓÒÖعÑÓÚÒÑ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ð<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÚØÓÖºÓÖ¹ ÒÄÓÖÒØÞ<strong>×</strong>ÐÖ<strong>×</strong> ´µËØØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒØÓ|0; k〉 = |0; k〉 L ⊗ |0; k〉 RÚM 0ÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒ<br />
=<br />
ÒÓÖѺÌ<strong>×</strong>ÝÑÑØÖØÖÐ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÔÖØÓǫÚ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÚØÓÒºÌÒØ<strong>×</strong>ÝÑÑØÖÔÖØ Ö<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒØÓØØÖÔÖØÓǫØÖ<strong>×</strong>ÄÓÖÒØÞ<strong>×</strong>ÐÖ¸ØÐØÓÒ¸ÛØÔÓ<strong>×</strong>ØÚ ´µÓÖN = 1¸ØÖÓÙÖ<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÓÖÑǫ α −1˜αν µ −1 |0; k〉ÚM =<br />
0ÛØÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÑÙÒÖ<br />
µνº ÓǫÚ<strong>×</strong>ÖÒØÛÓÒØ<strong>×</strong>ÝÑÑØÖØÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÙ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐÐÝÒÓØÝB ½º¾ØÚÖÓÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÖÔÖ<strong>×</strong>ÒØØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÄÓÖÒØÞÖÓÙÔº<br />
η¹ÔÖÓÙØ<strong>×</strong>ÖÓÑÓÙÒØÒÓ<strong>×</strong>ÐÐØÓÖÜØØÓÒ<strong>×</strong><br />
´µÓÖÖÚÐÙ<strong>×</strong>ÓNØÖÓÙÖÚÖÓÙ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÛØM2 ><br />
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kÒØÖÓÙÖÐÖ<br />
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(N)ÒÓØØÒÙÑÖÓ ÓØÓ<strong>×</strong>ÐÐØÓÖÑÓ<strong>×</strong>ÓؾØÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ÚÖ<strong>×</strong>ÑÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ºÄØP 24<br />
½¿<br />
α<br />
µν<br />
(<br />
q<br />
L 0 −1 ) .<br />
2 2
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