УК гд а Уж × в
УК гд а Уж × в
УК гд а Уж × в
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0ÛØ ÔØÖ½ºËØÖÒÌÓÖÝ<br />
Ì<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ØÓÒÐÝÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒØÕÙØÓÒØØÓÙÔÐ<strong>×</strong>ØÐØÒÖØÑÓÚÒÑÓ<strong>×</strong>ºÈÝ<strong>×</strong>Ð ´½º¿µ ÁÑÔÓ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÓÒØÓÒ(L 0 − ˜L 0 )|φ〉 =<br />
<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÖÓÙÒÝÓÓ<strong>×</strong>ÒÒÔÒÒØÐÝØÐعÑÓÚÒÒÖعÑÓÚÒ<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÓ<strong>×</strong>й<br />
−−ºÌÔÝ<strong>×</strong>Ð<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÖÖÕÙÖØÓÒÒÐØÝ<br />
mÒ˜LmÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒØÓØÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒØ ÐØÓÒ¸<strong>×</strong>ÙØØÓØÓÚÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒغÌÓØÖL ÒÓÒÞÖÓÖÕÙÒÝÒT ÏÒØÒÙÑÖÓÔÖØÓÖ<strong>×</strong>´ÓÖÓ<strong>×</strong>ÐÐØÓÖÐÚе<strong>×</strong>ÓÐÐÓÛ<strong>×</strong><br />
++ÒT ´½º¿µ ØÔÓ<strong>×</strong>ØÚÖÕÙÒÝÓÑÔÓÒÒØ<strong>×</strong>L m<br />
´½º¿µ<br />
|φ〉 = 0 m = 1, 2, . . .<br />
ÏÖØÒÒØÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÒÙÑÖÓÔÖØÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÎÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÓÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÑ<br />
1ÛØÛØn¸ÔÔÐØÓØ ÌÝÓÙÒØØÒÙÑÖÓÓÔÖØÓÖ<strong>×</strong>α −nÒ˜α −n , n ≥<br />
k〉º<br />
ÐÓ<strong>×</strong><br />
ÖÓÙÒ<strong>×</strong>ØØ|0;<br />
ÁØØÙÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÙØ´Ù<strong>×</strong>ÒØÒÓ¹Ó<strong>×</strong>ØØÓÖѵØØØØÓÖÝ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ØÒØÒÓÒÐÝØ ÓÔÒ ´½º¼µ<br />
<strong>×</strong>Ô¹ØÑÑÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong>26ÒØÚÐÙÓØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÒØa=1ºÏÛÐÐÒÓØÔÖÓÚÓÖ ÑÓØÚØØÛÝØ<strong>×</strong>Ò<strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒºÀÓÛÚÖÖÐÝ<strong>×</strong>ÝÓÑÔÙØØÓÒØÓØÒÓÖÑ<br />
(k 2 + M 2 )|φ〉 = 0 M 2 = 8N − 8a ÒN Ó<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÐÓÛÑ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÐÚÐ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÛ<strong>×</strong>ØÒÓÖØ<strong>×</strong>ØÛÓÓÒØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ºÌÓ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒÒ<br />
(k<br />
ÖØÐÓ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒº ÇÔÒËØÖÒ 26Òa=1<strong>×</strong>ÐÐØÖØÐÓ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒºÐÓÛÛÚØ<strong>×</strong>ÔØÖÙÑÓØ<br />
D =<br />
ØÝÓÒ<strong>×</strong>´ÔÖØÐ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÚÐÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖØÒÐص¸ÒÄÓÖÒØÞ<strong>×</strong>ÐÖ<strong>×</strong> 0ºÌ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>Ú −2¸ÒØÝÖ ´µÓÖN = 0¸ÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒØÓ<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÓÖÑ|0; 2 =<br />
½¾ ´µÓÖN = 1¸ÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒØÓ<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÓÖÑǫ −1 |0; k〉¸M2 =<br />
N ≡<br />
∞∑<br />
α −n · α n =<br />
n=1<br />
∞∑<br />
˜α −n · ˜α n .<br />
n=1<br />
∞∑<br />
α −n · α n , Ñ ≡<br />
n=1<br />
∞∑<br />
˜α −n · ˜α n .<br />
n=1<br />
2 + M 2 )|φ〉 = 0 M 2 = 2N − 2a<br />
k〉¸M ·α<br />
=<br />
Ñ|φ〉 = 0