УК гд а Уж × в
УК гд а Уж × в
УК гд а Уж × в
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
ÔØÖ¿ºÃÅÄÐÖ<strong>×</strong><br />
(2, −1) = α 1<br />
(−1, 2) = α 2<br />
(1, 1) = α 1 + α 2 ´¿º¾µ<br />
(−2, 1) = −α<br />
ØÓÚÖØÖ<strong>×</strong>ÕÙÐÐÝ<strong>×</strong>ÙØк<br />
1<br />
(1,<br />
2<strong>×</strong>¸ÓÓÙÖ<strong>×</strong>¸ÖØÖÖݺÒÝÓØÖÔÖÛ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><br />
−2) = −α 2<br />
(−1, −1) = −α 1 − α 2 .<br />
0¸Û<strong>×</strong>ØØØ ÌÓÓÔÒÓÙØα ÐÖgÒÓÑÔÓ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÖØ<strong>×</strong>ÙÑ<strong>×</strong>ÓÐÐÓÛ<strong>×</strong><br />
hÚ<strong>×</strong>ÓÑÔÓ<strong>×</strong>ØÓÒÓØÄÐÖg<strong>×</strong>ÖØ<strong>×</strong>ÙÑÓ<br />
1Òα iÖ<strong>×</strong>ÑÙÐØÒÓÙ<strong>×</strong>ÐÝÓÒÐÞкÌÄ ÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÖÒØÐÑÒØ<strong>×</strong>Óh<strong>×</strong>ØÓ<strong>×</strong>ÐÓÒÒØÓØÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>Ôg ÓÒØØÓÒÓØh i ∈<br />
ÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>Ô<strong>×</strong>´ÓÑÔÖÛØ´µµ¸<strong>×</strong>ÒÐÐØh Ì<strong>×</strong>ÑÒ<strong>×</strong>ØØÚÖÝÐÑÒØÓgÒÛÖØØÒÙÒÕÙÐÝ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÙÑÓÒÐÑÒØÓhÒ ´¿º¾µ<br />
g = ⊕ g α = ⊕ ⊕ ⊕<br />
g α h g α .<br />
<strong>×</strong>ÒÚØÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓØh³<strong>×</strong>Ú<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong>ÓÒØÖÓÐÓÚÖØ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÙØÙÖÓØÄÐÖº<strong>×</strong>ÚØÓÖ ÛØÛÚÒÓÒºÆÓÛ¸ÛÒØÓ<strong>×</strong>ÓÛØÓÑÔÓ<strong>×</strong>ØÓÒÓØÄÐÖ<br />
α∈L<br />
αºÌ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ØÖ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ÒÓÑÖÒÓ<strong>×</strong>ÓÑÑØÓØÓ<br />
α∈L − α∈L +<br />
ÓÒÐÑÒØÖÓÑÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>Ôg −ÖØÚØÓÖ<strong>×</strong>Ô<strong>×</strong>ÒÖØÝØÐÑÒØ<strong>×</strong><br />
ظÒ<strong>×</strong>ÛÛÐÐ<strong>×</strong>¸ÛÒÖÙØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÒÓØÔÖÓÐÑÚÒÙÖØÖÛÒÛÖÐØ ÛØÔÓ<strong>×</strong>ØÚÒÒØÚÒÚÐÙ<strong>×</strong>ÛºÖºØØÖØÒ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐÖhÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔØÚÐݺ Ì<strong>×</strong>ØÓ<strong>×</strong>ÑÔÐÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>ΠÓØÄÐÖ<strong>×</strong>ÐÐØÒÓÖÑØÓÒÓØÄÐÖÒ<br />
ÕÙÚÐÒØÖѺÌ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ØÖØÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>Ý<strong>×</strong>ØÑ<strong>×</strong>¸ÒÓØÙ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ÖÓÖÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÄÐÖ ØÑØÓ<strong>×</strong>ØÖØÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>Ý<strong>×</strong>ØÑ<strong>×</strong>ÛÖØÛÓÐÄÐÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔØÙÖÝÑØÖܸÓÖÒ<br />
<strong>×</strong>Ô<strong>×</strong>g=N + ⊕ h ⊕ N −¸ÛÖN + /N<br />
<strong>×</strong>Ñ<strong>×</strong>ÑÔÐÄÐÖ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÓÒØÒÙÑÖÓÐ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>º ÛÓ<strong>×</strong>ÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>Ý<strong>×</strong>ØÑ<strong>×</strong>ØÝÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÑÓÖÔØÓ¸ÙØÒØÛÐÐÐÐÓÛÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÓÐ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÝÐÐØÔÓ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ð<br />
ÓÛÚÖ¸ÛÖÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÑÓØÔÖÓÔÖØ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>¸ÛØÓÙØÔÖÓÓ¸ÐÓÛº ÏÛÐÐÐÓÓÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>Ý<strong>×</strong>ØÑ<strong>×</strong>ÖÝØÓÓÑÔÐØØ<strong>×</strong>ØÙÝÛÚ<strong>×</strong>ØÖØÛØØÜÑÔÐ<br />
C)¸ØÖÛ<strong>×</strong>ØÙÝØÏÝÐÖÓÙÔÒÏÝÐÖØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>Ý<strong>×</strong>ØѺÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÐݸ<br />
<br />
Ósl(3,
Change language