4th EucheMs chemistry congress

Poster Session 2
s1175
chem. Listy 106, s257–s1425 (2012)
Poster session 2 - Energy and Carbon Dioxide
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Pt/n-CodoPed tio nAnotuBe ArrAyS for
2
PhotoCAtALytiC hydroGen evoLution
h. r. LiAo 1 , r. A. doonG 1
1 National Tsing Hua University, Biomedical Engineering and
Environmental sciences, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
In this study, The Pt/N-codoped TiO composites were
2
synthesized using TiO nanotube arrays as a support. The TiO 2 2
nanotube arrays were electrochemically fabricated using
20 × 20mm titanium and Pt foils as the anode and cathode,
respectively. In addition, Pt ions and ammonia were loaded onto
the TiO nanotube arrays to from Pt/N-codoped TiO composites
2 2
for enhanced photocatalytic reaction. The microstructures of TiO2 nanotubes including morphology, optical property, and
crystallinity were determined. In addition, effect of operational
parameters including catalyst loading, solution pH, and anneal
temperature on the production of hydrogen gas were examined
and optimized. The TiO nanotubes have several nm in diameter
2
and tens of μm in length after 5 h of anodization. The TEM images
showed that Pt nanoparticles were well-dispersed on the surface
of TiO nanotubes with diameter of 5-10 nm. In addition, TiO 2 2
and Pt/N-codoped TiO nanotube arrays were used for
2
photocatalytic hydrogen generation. The hydrogen production rate
from water by Pt/N-codoped TiO nanotube arrays was higher
2
than that of pure TiO nanotube arrays. Results show that
2
photocatalyst with optimal operational conditions could lead to
enhanced hydrogen production rate.
Keywords: TiO2 nanotube arrays; Codoping; Photocatalytic
Hydrogen Evolution;
4 th EucheMs chemistry congress
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identifiCAtion of GASoLine AduLterAtion By
the Addition of SoLventS, tAGGed with
trACerS, in A ProGrAM CreAted By the
BrAziLiAn GovernMent
P. PiveSSo 1 , A. LiMA 2
1 Agencia Nacional do Petróleo Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis,
Centro de Pesquisas e Análises Tecnológicas, Brasília, Brazil
2 Agencia Nacional do Petróleo Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis,
Superintendancia de Biocombustíveis e Qualidade de
Produtos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Email: ppivesso@anp.gov.br
Gasoline adulteration, through the addition of unauthorised
solvents or kerosene, is a serious problem facing many national
governments and producers today. The principal of tracer
technology is that a material not found naturally within the fuel
is added at ultra low levels to potential adulterants. An analysis
of suspect fuel showing the tracer confirms adulteration. In many
instances where a tracer material is added to potential adulterants,
there is an incentive for the illicit removal of the taggant, often
termed ‘laundering’. Therefore it is essential that the tracer is
highly resistant to laundering by the methods likely to be used by
those adulterating the gasoline. This system is adopted in Brazil,
where the solvents are tagged to prevent and detect the
adulteration of gasoline by the addition of these products. The
Brazilian Program was a pioneer worldwide, since we decided to
tag the adulterant instead of the gasoline. The chemical tracer used
in the Program is detected by Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry with NCI source employing suitable detection
methods. The method allows the detection of the tracer at very
low concentration (ppb), providing great reliability in identifying
gasoline adulteration by the addition of solvents, even at very low
concentrations. This paper describes the application of the GC/MS
based system, and demonstrates why it is the analytical technique
of choice for measuring ‘launder’ resistant taggants. It also
highlights the positive results achieved in the last 10 years during
use in the Brazilian Program to counter the adulteration of
gasoline by the addition of solvents.
Keywords: gasoline adulteration; identifying tracers in
gasoline by GC/MS; energy; fuels; brazilian program;
AUGUst 26–30, 2012, PrAGUE, cZEcH rEPUbLIc