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Drug Targeting Organ-Specific Strategies

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XXVI Contents<br />

13.3.1.3 Release or Activation of D at the Target Site . . . . . . . . 353<br />

13.3.1.4 Removal of D from the Target Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354<br />

13.3.1.5 Release of D at Non-target Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355<br />

13.3.1.6 Disposition of D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355<br />

13.3.2 Model of Hunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355<br />

13.3.3 Model of Boddy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357<br />

13.3.4 Model of Rowland and McLachlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357<br />

13.4 Measures of Effectiveness of <strong>Drug</strong> <strong>Targeting</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357<br />

13.4.1 Therapeutic Availability (TA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358<br />

13.4.2 <strong>Drug</strong> <strong>Targeting</strong> Index (DTI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358<br />

13.4.3 <strong>Targeting</strong> Index (TI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359<br />

13.5 Evaluation of Effectiveness of <strong>Drug</strong> <strong>Targeting</strong> Using PK<br />

and PK/PD Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359<br />

13.5.1 Effectiveness of an Ideal Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359<br />

13.5.2 Implications of the DTI Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361<br />

13.5.3 <strong>Drug</strong> Candidates for Effective <strong>Targeting</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363<br />

13.5.4 Limitations of PK and PK/PD Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363<br />

13.6 Examples of PK Modelling in <strong>Drug</strong> <strong>Targeting</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364<br />

13.6.1 In Vivo Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364<br />

13.6.2 In Vitro Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365<br />

13.6.3 Regional <strong>Drug</strong> Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365<br />

13.6.4 Controlled <strong>Drug</strong> Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366<br />

13.6.5 Pharmacokinetic Properties of Macromolecular Carrier Systems . . 366<br />

13.7 Software for PK and PK/PD Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366<br />

13.8 Perspectives and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367<br />

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368<br />

14 <strong>Drug</strong> <strong>Targeting</strong> Strategy:<br />

Scrutinize the Concepts Before Screening the Constructs<br />

Dirk K. F. Meijer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371<br />

14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371<br />

14.2 Receptor-based drug targeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372<br />

14.3 Concluding remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374<br />

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

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