Traditional Medicine in Asia

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Traditional Medicine in Asia treatment with medicines of different systems and use these concurrently on a patient. The effect of one of the medicines could be reduced by the other or indeed the side-effects of one could be increased by the second drug. It is also possible that there could be a serious interaction between the two. However, when a great deal of information is known about a plant – its mechanism of action, lack of toxicity in animal studies, lack of side-effects when used widely as a single drug – then it may be ethically acceptable to carry out a clinical trial of that plant drug with an allopathic drug. It would, however, be safer if some limited animal studies are carried out administering both the allopathic drug and the medicinal plant at the same time. Normally the pharmacokinetics of a synthetic drug and its breakdown products are known before it is administered for Phase I studies to humans. This is not possible for herbal products as it is very difficult to obtain this information. It 224 References will therefore be ethically justifiable to conduct Phase I clinical trials without having this data till such time when it is possible to carry out bioavailability studies on herbal remedies and medicinal plants. Conclusion It is hoped that the information provided in this chapter will help the reader to appreciate the complexities of studying medicinal plants and the difficulties inherent in this type of study. The advances made in recent years have also been described and should help investigators to plan clinical trials of medicinal plants which would respect both the concepts of the traditional systems of medicine and those of modern clinical trials methodology. Acknowledgement We are indebted to Vaidya S.K. Mishra for his invaluable help in the preparation of this paper. 1. Proceedings of Third International Congress of Asian Medicine. Mumbai. 1990. 2. Report of a Regional Consultation on development of Traditional Medicine in South- East Asia Region. WHO-SEARO. New Delhi. 1999. 3. Report of an Inter-Regional meeting on Standardization and Use of Medicinal Plants. WHO. WPRO. Manila. 1980. 4. Report of a consultation on medicinal plants. WHO. WPRO. Manila. 1986. 5. Quality control methods for medicinal plant material. WHO. Geneva. 1998. 6. Chaudhury, R.R. (1980), Controversies in clinical evaluation of antifertility plants. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 474. P. Turner, (Ed.) Macmillan. New York. 7. Gallelos, A.J. (1983). The Zoapatle 1 – A traditional remedy from Mexico emerges to modern times. Contraception. 27, 211. 8. Report of a WHO Consultation on Traditional Medicine and AIDS : Clinical Evaluation of Traditional Medicine and Natural Products. WHO. Geneva. 1990. 9. WHO Guidelines for Assessment of Herbal Medicines. WHO. Geneva. 1991. 10. Research Guidelines for evaluating the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines. WHO. WPRO. Manila. 1993. 11. WHO Technical Report Series No. 863 on “Guidelines for assessment of herbal medicine”. WHO. 1996.
Standardization, preclinical toxicology and clinical evaluation of medicinal plants, including ethical considerations 12. Report of Sixteenth Meeting of Ministers of Health. WHO South-East Asia Region. New Delhi. WHO. 1998. 13. General Guidelines for methodologies on research and evaluation of traditional medicine. WHO. Geneva. 2000. 14. Chaudhury, R.R. Herbal medicine for human health. WHO-SEARO. New Delhi. 1992. 15. Roy Chaudhury, M., Chandrasekharan and Mishra, S. (2001). Embryotoxicity and teratogenecity studies of an Ayurvedic Contraceptive. Pippalyadi Vati. J. Ethnopharmacology. 74, 189. 16. Vaishnav, R., Sankaranarayanan, A., Chaudhury, R.R., Mathur, V.S., and Chakravarti, R.N. (1983). Toxicity studies on proprietary preparation of Semecarpus anacardium. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 77, 902. 17. Chaudhury, R.R. (2001). Commentary: Challenges in using traditional systems of medicine. Brit.Med. J. 322, 164. 18. Chaudhury, R.R. (2000). Proceedings of Symposium on Current Status of Fertility Regulation. C.M. Gupta and Chaudhury S.R. (Ed.) Central Drug Research Institute. Lucknow. 11–21. 19. Chaudhury, R.R. (2001). Antidiabetic effect of Vijayasar – Pterocarpus marsupium. Pharmacology and Therapeutics in the New Millennium. S.K. Gupta (Ed.) Narosa. New Delhi. 355–356. 20. Chaudhury, R.R. (1983). Plant contraceptives: translating folklore into scientific application. 5: 58. Advances in Maternal and Child Health. Jelliffe, D.B. and Jelliffe, E.F.P. (Ed.) Oxford University Press. Oxford. 21. Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on human subjects. Indian Council of Medical Research. New Delhi. 2000. 22. Shukla N.K. et al. Multicentric randomized controlled clinical trial of Ksharasootra (Ayurvedic medicated thread) in the management of fistula-in-ano. Indian Journal of Medical Research (B) 94. June 1991. 177–185. 23. Indian Council of Medical Research. Annual Report. New Delhi. 1994. 24. Verma, V. Ayurveda – a way of life. Samuel Weiser Inc. New York . 1995. 25. Majumdar, A. Bioregulating Principles: Tridoska in Ayurveda – The Ancient Indian Science of Healing. Wheeler Publishing House. New Delhi. 1998. 225
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Preface Contents All countries in t
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SYSTEMS Contents Contents Ayurveda
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CURRENT STATUS - COUNTRY SITUATION
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Traditional Medicine in Asia 2
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Traditional Medicine in Asia cultur
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Traditional Medicine in Asia � Ra
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Traditional Medicine in Asia pashra
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Treatm
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Traditional Medicine in Asia is als
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Diplom
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Traditional Medicine in Asia delica
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Medica
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Map of
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Traditional Medicine in Asia differ
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Attrib
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Traditional Medicine in Asia “nat
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Unani medicine Origin and developme
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“medicarix naturae”, is formula
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when perceptions are not from outsi
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medium; the broad, narrow and mediu
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excretes them in a smaller quantity
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Time If stools are passed on quickl
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Increment The stage during which th
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� Second group - This group conta
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efore 1987, traditional medicine ha
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pharmacology, priority is being giv
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Provision of Jamu The Maduranese cu
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a living by selling jamu gendong. S
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machine. Some producers cannot even
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used as bobak perut n for postnatal
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i.e., soil that is water-blended, t
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important. A patient is considered
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done over the affected part of the
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to either sit up or lie on his stom
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the client’s demand. The fee vari
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tional system of Chinese medicine,
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explains the causes and describes t
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Almost all KM hospitals are equippe
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The science of acupuncture-moxibust
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therapy on nausea, vomiting, variou
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of the digestive glands, flow of bi
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dissection in the Departments of Or
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Theoretical study of acupuncture an
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Research on the morphology of acupo
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International training WHO set up s
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effectiveness of acupuncture treatm
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Chinese acupuncture-moxibustion 5.
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Traditional Medicine in Asia ground
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Traditional Medicine in Asia also,
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Traditional Medicine in Asia “The
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Traditional Medicine in Asia stimul
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Stilln
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Karma
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Traditional Medicine in Asia of our
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Traditional Medicine in Asia centre
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Tulpul
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Traditional Medicine in Asia elemen
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Traditional Medicine in Asia have f
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Traditional Medicine in Asia patien
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Chirop
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Table
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Traditional Medicine in Asia issues
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Traditional Medicine in Asia possib
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Traditional Medicine in Asia only r
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Traditional Medicine in Asia classi
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Traditional Medicine in Asia not co
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Traditional Medicine in Asia In Ind
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Role o
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Traditional Medicine in Asia import
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Traditional Medicine in Asia least
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Traditional Medicine in Asia per ce
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Traditional Medicine in Asia study
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Traditional Medicine in Asia althou
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Consul
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Traditional Medicine in Asia proble
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A framework for cost-benefit analys
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Page 181 and 182: A framework for cost-benefit analys
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Page 254 and 255: Introduction T wo-thirds of the wor
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K oryo Medicine, the nation’s tra
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The traditional system of medicine
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Traditional medicine in Bangladesh
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Legislation and Regulation � Cont
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K oryo Medicine, the nation’s tra
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I ndia has a rich, centuries-old he
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addition to 40 undergraduate and th
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Literally, dhivehibeys means Maldiv
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The regulatory situation yanmar’s
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Those who are successful in the cou
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Zonal
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Sri Lanka is a country of rich heri
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for thousands of years, is part of
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History-taking Attention is paid to
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circulating system and the nervous
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Traditional Medicine in Asia 12. Mr
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