Traditional Medicine in Asia

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Traditional Medicine in Asia “natural” and has stood the test of history, it is often automatically perceived as being harmless. It is true that Chinese medications in general are less toxic and safer as compared to synthetic drugs or other forms of therapy, but they are by no means free from adverse effects. The question of the toxic potentials of herbs has long been recognized in Chinese pharmacopoeia, and relevant theories have been developed to avoid harmful uses or combinations of potentially toxic herbs, such as the theories of “Eighteen Incompatibilities”, “Nineteen Antagonism” and “Contraindication during pregnancy”, “Pao Zhi” (herbal process). These theories continue to guide the Chinese pharmacopoeia to this day. Quality assurance procedures must be strictly enforced in order to standardize herbal medicine. Chemical tests and assay procedures must be used to supplement the traditional standards of the Chinese pharmacopoeia. Concerns have also been expressed regarding the safety of acupuncture. The risks associated with acupuncture have been shown to be very small compared to orthodox interventions. 15 In November 1997, an Acupuncture Consensus Statement made by the National Institute of Health in the United States mentioned: “One of the advantages of acupuncture is that the incidence of adverse effects is substantially lower than that of many drugs or other accepted procedures for the same conditions. 16 ” In general, side- effects from acupuncture procedure itself have been 28 minimal in the hands of a well-trained practitioner. 16 Reports show that one of the more common problems of acupuncture is forgotten needles. 17 Lifethreatening adverse reactions are possible with acupuncture treatment; 18, 19, 20 however, these are usually caused by practitioners who have not received any or adequate training. Qualification in medical practice is important. There should be no exception in the case of Chinese medicine. Prospects for TCM TCM is, by definition, traditional, but this in no way prevents it from evolving. Great progress has been made since the past decade in efforts to understand the mechanisms of TCM, especially the physiological effects of acupuncture. In the meantime, efforts to combine TCM with biomedicine in China have also accumulated a great amount of experience and data. More concerted efforts are needed relating to theoretical studies which may elucidate the fundamentals of TCM through acquired knowledge in Western medicine. Another challenge lies in how to clinically combine TCM and Western medicine more effectively which may eventually contribute to the organic integration of these two schools of medicine. One frequent criticism regarding researches in TCM is the quality of such research. Improving the methodology and devising an approach for the specific use of researches on TCM may be a worthwhile task.
References An overview of traditional Chinese medicine 1. WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants (Volume 1). 1–4, 1999. (1) World Health Organization. Geneva. 2. Hesketh T., Zhu WX. Health in China. Traditional Chinese medicine: one country, two systems. BMJ 1997;315:115–17. 3. Diehl D.L. Acupuncture for gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders. J.Altern. Complement Med. 1999;5:27–45. 4. Maoshing Ni. The Yellow emperor’s classic of medicine. A new translation of Neijing Suwen with Commentary. 1995. Boston Massachusetts, Shambhala. 5. CHEN G.T. et al. Unbelievable cures and medicine from China. 1997; Beijing. China. New World Press. 6. Xie Z.F. Introduction to basic medical theories In: Best of traditional Chinese medicine. 16. 1995; Beijing. China, New World Press. 7. Lu Y.B. and Liu C.C. Concepts and theories of traditional Chinese medicine In: Advanced TCM Series 101. 1997; Beijing. China, Science Press. 8. Qin Y.R. Classic on Medical Problems. 1978; Beijing. China, People’s Health Publication House. 9. Williams T. The idea behind Chinese medicine In: The Complete Illustrated Guide to Chinese Medicine. 31–34. 1996. Great Britain, Element Books. 10. World Health Organization. Standard acupuncture nomenclature (second edition). 1993; World Health Organization. 11. Yuan R., Lin Y. Traditional Chinese medicine: an approach to scientific proof and clinical validation. Pharmacol.Ther. 2000;86:191–98. 12. NG LKY, Liao S.J. Acupuncture: Ancient Chinese and Modern Western. A Comparative Inquiry. J Altern. Complement Med. 1997;11–23. 13. Morey S.S. NIH issues consensus statement on acupuncture. Am.Fam.Physician. 1998;57:2545–46. 14. Xie Z.F. Qigong and Health Preservation In: Classified Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 533–555. 1994. Beijing. China. New World Press. Beijing 100037. China. 15. MacPherson H. Fatal and adverse events from acupuncture: allegation, evidence, and the implications [see comments]. J Altern. Complement Med.1999;5:47–56. 16. Moyad M.A., Hathaway S., Ni H.S. Traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and other alternative medicines for prostate cancer: an introduction and the need for more research. Semin.Urol.Oncol. 1999;17:103–10. 17. Yamashita H., Tsukayama H., Tanno Y., Nishijo K. Adverse events in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment: a six-year survey at a national clinic in Japan [see comments]. J Altern. Complement Med. 1999;5:229–36. 18. Ernst E., White A. Life-threatening adverse reactions after acupuncture? A systematic review [see comments]. Pain. 1997;71:123–26. 19. Norheim A.J., Fonnebo V. Adverse effects of acupuncture [letter] [see comments]. Lancet. 1995;345:1576. 20. Yamashita H., Tsukayama H., Tanno Y., Nishijo K. Adverse events related to acupuncture [letter]. JAMA 1998;280:1563–64. 29
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Page 3 and 4: Preface Contents All countries in t
Page 5 and 6: SYSTEMS Contents Contents Ayurveda
Page 7: CURRENT STATUS - COUNTRY SITUATION
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of the digestive glands, flow of bi
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dissection in the Departments of Or
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Theoretical study of acupuncture an
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Research on the morphology of acupo
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International training WHO set up s
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effectiveness of acupuncture treatm
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Chinese acupuncture-moxibustion 5.
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Traditional Medicine in Asia ground
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evolved of all the ancient systems
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a national association of tradition
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� Educators and trainers acting i
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institutions in addressing the crit
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should be sequential and progressiv
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Technical issues Legislation and re
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Legislation and regulation of tradi
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Introduction T wo-thirds of the wor
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to give priority to research and de
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Composite Drug Research India and o
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organisms. It provides useful infor
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purified herbal drugs for therapeut
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Patnaik and Dhawan (1982) have repo
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ushna (hot) or sita (cold) and the
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Semecarpus anacardium was shown to
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herbal drugs are complex combinatio
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need for elaborate preclinical stud
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Standardization and Herbal Pharmaco
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Research, drug development and manu
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Current status - Country situation
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General introduction n many countri
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K oryo Medicine, the nation’s tra
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The traditional system of medicine
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Traditional medicine in Bangladesh
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Legislation and Regulation � Cont
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K oryo Medicine, the nation’s tra
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I ndia has a rich, centuries-old he
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addition to 40 undergraduate and th
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Literally, dhivehibeys means Maldiv
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The regulatory situation yanmar’s
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Those who are successful in the cou
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Traditional Medicine in Asia Zonal
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Sri Lanka is a country of rich heri
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for thousands of years, is part of
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History-taking Attention is paid to
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circulating system and the nervous
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Traditional Medicine in Asia 12. Mr
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