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Technical challenges during design and construction<br />

of the bridges included:<br />

■ The foundations <strong>are</strong> independent of the railway bridge, and during<br />

construction London Underground became concerned about the<br />

threat from undiscovered unexploded bombs. Special precautions<br />

including hand dug foundations were required <strong>to</strong> minimise the risk<br />

<strong>to</strong> Underground tunnels;<br />

■ In the absence of any code guidance <strong>to</strong> determine the design loads<br />

for ship impact, the foundations, <strong>which</strong> <strong>are</strong> independent of the<br />

railway bridge, were designed <strong>to</strong> withstand the impact of ships<br />

up <strong>to</strong> 3,000 t;<br />

■ Pedestrian-induced vibration was another concern, highlighted<br />

by severe problems recently experienced on another high-profile<br />

pedestrian bridge across the Thames.The Hungerford bridges<br />

were checked by calculation and by vibration measurements<br />

on site <strong>to</strong> ensure no such problems would occur;<br />

■ Site management was complicated by the requirement <strong>to</strong> keep<br />

a pedestrian route open at all times during construction, a<br />

stipulation made by the client from the outset, and achieved<br />

through skilful logistical management.<br />

55

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