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<strong>WSP</strong> is leading a Swedish research study in<strong>to</strong> the indoor<br />

environment and energy efficiency associated with glazed office<br />

buildings.The project is driven by an increasing interest among<br />

architects in designing office buildings with glazed facades coupled<br />

with a need for improved understanding of how these perform in<br />

the Scandinavian climate.<br />

During the nineties, office buildings with glass facades were popular,<br />

particularly in Germany, offering the attractions of an airy, transp<strong>are</strong>nt<br />

appearance and more access <strong>to</strong> daylight. It was found that buildings<br />

with double skin glass facades offered the additional advantages of<br />

reduced requirement for heating and cooling, better insulation and<br />

more efficient solar shading.<br />

The double-skin facade technique has been applied in Scandinavia<br />

in recent years, especially in S<strong>to</strong>ckholm where examples include the<br />

Kista Science Tower and the offices of ABB and Nokia. However,<br />

current knowledge of the function, energy use and visual environment<br />

of glass-facade office buildings in the Swedish context is insufficient.<br />

The <strong>WSP</strong> project began with a virtual reference building <strong>to</strong> simulate<br />

the environmental performance of typical construction methods.<br />

The building construction, HVAC system and control system were<br />

described in great detail.Then different scenarios were tested, varying<br />

the building’s orientation, architecture, floor plan, control set points<br />

and glazed facade elements such as window type and size and shading<br />

devices.A sensitivity analysis based on the simulated alternatives was<br />

carried out <strong>to</strong> assess occupant comfort and energy efficiency.<br />

A complex and detailed model for life cycle cost analysis of the<br />

building was also developed.<br />

<strong>WSP</strong> is managing the project<br />

team of 13 experts from Lund<br />

University of Technology, Skanska<br />

and <strong>WSP</strong>, who also bring specialist<br />

knowledge of glazing and HVAC<br />

systems.The project benefits<br />

from the support of Pilking<strong>to</strong>n,<br />

Emmaboda (Saint-Gobain), the<br />

Swedish Glass Trade Association<br />

and Skanska Sweden.<br />

The project is increasing knowledge of how <strong>to</strong> construct energy<br />

efficient glazed office buildings <strong>which</strong> <strong>are</strong> visually attractive,<br />

comfortable for the user and make better use of daylight.The project<br />

team is currently supporting the design of a glazed office building in<br />

Malmo with the provision of expert advice and advanced energy,<br />

indoor climate and daylight simulations.<br />

The research is attracting considerable interest in the property<br />

sec<strong>to</strong>r, including a group of eleven major Swedish property owners<br />

and developers who work <strong>to</strong>gether on energy-related issues, and<br />

who handle 25% of the entire commercial building space in Sweden.<br />

Client:<br />

Swedish Energy Agency<br />

Development fund provided by the Swedish Construction Industry,<br />

Skanska and <strong>WSP</strong><br />

Project team:<br />

Lund University of Technology<br />

Skanska Teknik<br />

Project value:<br />

£650 000<br />

Status:<br />

4 year project<br />

Completion December 2006<br />

<strong>WSP</strong> services:<br />

Project management<br />

Glazing consultancy<br />

Life cycle costing<br />

HVAC design<br />

Architecture<br />

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