CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES - Omega Research Foundation

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222. http://www.zarc.com/english/news/bluelinedef_tecbeankill.html 8/3/2000 223. Sehgal, A., Challoner, K.R. (1997). Journal of Emergency Medicine. Nov-Dec. 15(6). 789-91. 224. Steele, J., McBride, S., Kelly, J., Dearden, C., Rocke, L. (1999) Plastic bullet injuries in Northern Ireland: experiences during a week of civil disturbance. Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care. Vol 46. No 4. pp711-714. 225. Home Office News Release, UK, 27th July 1999. 226. This report called on governments to )Establish a rigorous independent inquiry into the use of stun belts and all other types and variants of electro-shock weapons, to assess their medical and other effects in terms of international human rights standards regulating the treatment of prisoners and use of force; the inquiry should examine all cases of death or injury in custody resulting from the use of such instruments, and the results of the inquiry should be published without delay(. Amnesty International (1997) Arming the Torturers - Electro-shock torture and the spread of Stun Technology. ACT 40/01/97. March. 227. TPrina Technology, USA (1994) Stun Guns - An independent report. p17. 228. )The Air Taser functions by using electrical waves to disorient the human nervous system, its like radar jamming. So rather than using blunt force like a gun were hoping to cause enough injury to bring him down, or a pain like a pepper spray where youre hoping to cause enough pain that they get distracted. Here were actually causing a temporary paralysis, .. so its a very non-violent way in terms of stopping somebody we just want them to stop what theyre doing, we dont want to hurt them in anyway....( Rick Smith Air Taser Inc. Equinox - Non-Lethal weapons. Channel Four. RDF Television. 22 nd September 1996. 229. In 1996 the President of Stun Tech Inc, Dennis Kaufman stated that )Stun Tech products, such as stun guns and belts have been tested on pigs and humans since 1973. There has never been a single documented case of a hand-held stun gun causing death in the United States(. Inter Press Service 18 th June 1996. 230. Rick Smith from Air Taser stated in 1996 that )Weve got over twenty thousand field firings that have, that where the Taser has been used and theres not one incidence where the Taser has played a marked role in the death of an individual.( Equinox - Non-Lethal weapons. Channel Four. RDF Television. 22 nd September 1996. 231. Air Taser also claim that a University of Southern California Medical Center showed that )the Taser leaves 0% long-term injuries(. However, Air Taser recognise, in the warning notes that accompany their product, that the temporary paralysis could be fatal under specific circumstances. For example, if someone was tasered in a swimming pool. Warning. Read this before using. Air Taser Inc, 1994. lxxxvi
232.One Chinese manufacturer warns against the use of their devices for greater than three seconds to avoid the risk of injury or death. Their company brochure states )Precaution - Do not shock on the head or in the heart in performing their missions. In order to avoid injuries or deaths, do not act over three seconds on the recipients( State-Run No. 764 Factory - Public Security Business Division brochure July 1996. 233. Outdoor Life (1988) A shocking cure for Snakebites. July, v182, n1, p45-47. 234. These studies evaluated dapsone and electric shock therapy found that )Guardian stun gun treatment results did not differ significantly from those of the control group for any of the four wound areas. . Barrett,S.M., Romine-Jenkins, M., Fisher, D.E. (1994) Dapsone or Electric Shock Therapy of Brown Recluse Spider Envenomation?. Annals of Emergency Medicine. July. v24. n1. p21-25. 235. Communication from Dr T. Bernstein, University of Eisconsin-Madison to Mr NP Zylich, Consumer Product Safety Commission, February 12, 1976. 236. He [Harry Landis] had a history of heart problems, and there does not appear to be conclusive evidence that stun belts are in fact safe for those who such medical histories. Although one health study has been undertaken on stun belts by Robert Stratbucker of the University of Nebraska that claimed the felts were safe, the study was only done on anesthetized pigs. Hinman, L.M. (2000) Stunning Morality: The moral dimensions of Stun Belts. www.ethics.acusd.edu/stunning%20Morality%20Text.htm. 237. Texas state correction authorities stopped using stun guns reportedly on medical grounds, but continued to allow prison guards to use electro-shock riot shields when removing prisoners from cells. On 1 December 1995, Texas correctional worker Harry Landis was reported to have collapsed and died after enduring two 45,000 volt shocks while training with a riot shield. Amnesty International (1996) United States of America - Use of Electro-Shock Stun Belts. AMR 51/45/96, 12 June . 238. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice, which had used the shields to subdue prisoners since September 1995, immediately suspended their use. Meanwhile, John McDermit, president of Nova Products, Inc., the maker of the shield, denied that it had killed Landis. )Were very sorry this happened,( McDermit said. )But there certainly was no connection between his training and his death.( Cusac, Anne-Marie. (1996) Stunning Technology. The Progressive. July. 239. OBrien, D. (1991) Electronic weaponry - a question of safety. Annuals of Emergency Medicine. May. v20. n5, p583-87. 240. Duff, L.T. (1976) TASER TF-1, CP-76-5 (Memo). Washington DC, US Consumer Product Safety Commission February 10. Cited in OBrien, D (1991) op cit. lxxxvii
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CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (An appr
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)Crowd Control Technologies : An As
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)Crowd Control Technologies - An As
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It is recommended that new limits s
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Diversity Project), is already open
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guarantees are forthcoming both fro
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No 1. 2. 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1
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No 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.
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An Assessment Of Crowd Control Tech
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[15] Any European wide adoption of
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NEW BIO-WEAPONS FOR CROWD CONTROL [
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than war in Bosnia, Somalia and Kos
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Most of these crowd control weapons
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CR was first synthesized by Higginb
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and some speciality ones. These inc
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Some Examples of Currently Availabl
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3.2 The International Committee Of
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coercion to a greater number of peo
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Fig 5. Severe blistering following
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currently available is not sufficie
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4.1.4 Hazards Of Pyrotechnic & Blas
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on particular parts of the human bo
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Fig 6. Modern Israeli pulsed jet Wa
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Severe skull damage caused by Kinet
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The report also stated that )these
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Page 70 and 71: Therefore it does not come as a sur
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Page 78 and 79: water cannon were identified as Mer
Page 80 and 81: Chemical Name and Formula Munition
Page 82 and 83: NOTES & REFERENCES 1. See Action pl
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Page 86 and 87: Company Brochure, April 1996. 43. L
Page 88 and 89: 67. In the SIPRI Yearbook 1998, pag
Page 90 and 91: 82. Chung, C.W., Giles, A.L. (1972)
Page 92 and 93: 105. McNamara, B.P., Rennie, R.A.,
Page 94 and 95: 130. For example one study using a
Page 96 and 97: The Police Authority of Northern Ir
Page 98 and 99: 173. Statewatch Bulletin (1996). Br
Page 100 and 101: 195. Eg the Armortek water cannon o
Page 104 and 105: 241. OBrien, D. (1991). Op. cit. 24
Page 106 and 107: 260. The isopropyl alcohol used in
Page 108 and 109: 276. Numerous reports from Northern
Page 110 and 111: 285. For example, )using tear gas,
Page 112 and 113: 300. Human Rights Watch (1997) Turk
Page 114 and 115: 312. Aftergood, S. (1994)The Soft-k
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Page 118 and 119: 360. See Business Wire (1999) Battl
Page 120 and 121: 380. These crimes have emerged duri
Page 122 and 123: US Clearing Dest: Foreign Port Dest
Page 124 and 125: Mr. Fatchett: In accordance with th
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