CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES - Omega Research Foundation

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241. OBrien, D. (1991). Op. cit. 242. Nova Technologies Inc: The Nova XR-5000. Las Vegas, Nevada, NOVA, 1984. Cited in OBrien, D (1991) Annals of Emergency Medicine, 20 May 1991, v5, p583-7 243. Unpublished communication from M Katz, General Counsel, US Consumer Product Safety Commission, January 24, 1984. Cited in OBrien, D. (1991) Annals of Emergency Medicine. 20th May. v5. p583-7. 244. Stratbucker, Robert. A. (1985) Safety Technical Evaluation of Model XR-5000 electronic stun gun. University of Nebraska Medical Center- Omaha. 15 January . 245. Stratbucker,R.A., Marsh,M.G. (1993) The relative immunity of the skin and cardiovascular system to the direct effects of high voltage - high frequency component electrical pulses. IEEE BioMedical Engineering Conference. 246. Roy,O.Z., Podgorski,A.S. (1989) Tests on a shocking device - the stun gun. Med. & Bio. Eng. & Comp. 27. 445-448. 247. Robinson,M.N., Brooks, C.G., Renshaw, G.D. (1990) Electric Shock devices and their Effects on the Human Body. Medical Science and Law. v30. n4. 248. Guardian 10 th July 1998, p3 Judge shocks noisy prisoner into silence,. )Nine deaths in Los Angeles jails have been linked to taser gun use, and in 1986 the city paid a $300,000 (190,000) settlement to a youth burnt by stun guns to force him to confess to a robbery( 249. Police Review 16 th September 1988, p1927. )Two Los Angeles men have died after being shot by police stun guns. They were overcome by the electric darts as police arrested them in separate incidents on suspicion of drug abuse. Police use Taser guns to disable violent suspects temporarily. An investigation has been ordered( 250. Los Angeles Times, March 12, 1993. Questions raised in death of man shot by Taser. The death of Los Angeles barber Michael James Bryant, who died after being chased by police and, refusing to get out of a swimming pool, was shot with an electric stun gun, has raised serious questions about the incident. An autopsy on March 10, 1993 did not determine the cause of Bryant's death. 251. Chicago Defender July 1 st 1995. Section PG, Col 6:1. Woman guilty in stun gun death. On June 28, 1995, Francine Knox was convicted in the death of her nephew, Brandon Jordan, an infant who died after being shocked with a stun gun. The Peoria Illinois woman could face up to 20 years in prison when she is lxxxviii
sentenced for the death. 252. San Francisco Chronicle. June 19 th 1992, Section A, 23:1. Lawsuit Seeks $6 million in Deuel Prisoner's Death. Guards trying to subdue a prisoner at Deuel Vocational Institution in Tracy CA in 1991 shocked the man to death with an electronic stun gun, according to a lawsuit filed in federal court Jun 18, 1992. The man, Donnie Ray Ward, was mentally ill. 253. Burdett-Smith, P. (1997) Stun Gun Injury. Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine. November. v14. n6. p402-4. 254. Other reports of injuries have emerged where illegal stun guns have been used by muggers to immobilise their targets enabling them to inflict physical injuries to the prone victim. See for example Hunt for brutal stun gun robbers, Manchester Evening News 13/5/2000, p1. 255. Mehl, L.E. (1992) Electrical Injury from Tasering and Miscarriage. Acta. Obstet. Gynaecol. Scand, Summer. February, v71, n2, p118-123. )A case report is presented of a woman who was )Tasered( by law enforcement personnel while 12 weeks pregnant. The Taser is an electronic immobilization and defense weapon that has been commercially available since 1974. The TASER was developed as an alternative to the .38 special handgun. The patient was hit with TASER probes in the abdomen and the leg. She began to spontaneously miscarry 7 days later and received a dilation and curretage procedure 14 days later for incomplete abortion...As use of the TASER becomes more common, obstetrical clinicians may encounter complications from the TASER more often.( 256. New York Times, November 25 th 1994. A Babys Stun-gun death. 257. Report of the Joint Committee of Inquiry into the Background, Circumstances and Actions resulting in the death and injury of Rail Commuters at Tembisa Station on 31 July 1996. August 1996. 258. Translation of letter to Dr Harold Hillman, May 10, 1995. 259. For example, a medical article in 1993 reported )...Eleven cases of sudden death of men restrained in a prone position by police officers are reported. Nine of the men were hogtied, one was tied to a hospital gurney, and one was manually held prone. All subjects were in an excited delirious state when restrained. Three were psychotic, whereas the others were acutely delirious from drugs (six from cocaine, one from methamphetamine, and one from LSD). Two were shocked with stun guns shortly before death. The literature is reviewed and mechanisms of death are discussed( Ohalloran, R.L., Lewman, L.V. (1993) Restraint Asphyxiation in excited delirium. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 14(4). 289-295. lxxxix
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CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (An appr
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)Crowd Control Technologies : An As
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)Crowd Control Technologies - An As
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It is recommended that new limits s
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Diversity Project), is already open
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guarantees are forthcoming both fro
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No 1. 2. 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1
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No 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.
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An Assessment Of Crowd Control Tech
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[15] Any European wide adoption of
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NEW BIO-WEAPONS FOR CROWD CONTROL [
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than war in Bosnia, Somalia and Kos
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Most of these crowd control weapons
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CR was first synthesized by Higginb
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and some speciality ones. These inc
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Some Examples of Currently Availabl
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3.2 The International Committee Of
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coercion to a greater number of peo
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Fig 5. Severe blistering following
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currently available is not sufficie
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4.1.4 Hazards Of Pyrotechnic & Blas
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on particular parts of the human bo
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Fig 6. Modern Israeli pulsed jet Wa
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Severe skull damage caused by Kinet
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The report also stated that )these
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cultures. This process is perhaps m
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Page 70 and 71: Therefore it does not come as a sur
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Page 74 and 75: used CS gas to literally fumigate a
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Page 78 and 79: water cannon were identified as Mer
Page 80 and 81: Chemical Name and Formula Munition
Page 82 and 83: NOTES & REFERENCES 1. See Action pl
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Page 86 and 87: Company Brochure, April 1996. 43. L
Page 88 and 89: 67. In the SIPRI Yearbook 1998, pag
Page 90 and 91: 82. Chung, C.W., Giles, A.L. (1972)
Page 92 and 93: 105. McNamara, B.P., Rennie, R.A.,
Page 94 and 95: 130. For example one study using a
Page 96 and 97: The Police Authority of Northern Ir
Page 98 and 99: 173. Statewatch Bulletin (1996). Br
Page 100 and 101: 195. Eg the Armortek water cannon o
Page 102 and 103: 222. http://www.zarc.com/english/ne
Page 106 and 107: 260. The isopropyl alcohol used in
Page 108 and 109: 276. Numerous reports from Northern
Page 110 and 111: 285. For example, )using tear gas,
Page 112 and 113: 300. Human Rights Watch (1997) Turk
Page 114 and 115: 312. Aftergood, S. (1994)The Soft-k
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Page 118 and 119: 360. See Business Wire (1999) Battl
Page 120 and 121: 380. These crimes have emerged duri
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Page 124 and 125: Mr. Fatchett: In accordance with th
Page 126 and 127: telephone the police. She remembere
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