CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES - Omega Research Foundation

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105. McNamara, B.P., Rennie, R.A., Rozmiarek, H., Ford, D.F., Owens, E.J. (1973) CS: A study of Carcinogenicity. Edgewood Arsenal National Technical Information Service, USA. Publication FB TR-73027. 106. Personal communication from the UK Home Office, Police Scientific Development Branch to independent UK researcher, dated 29 th March 2000. 107. Ballantyne, B. (1977) Riot Control Agents. In Scott, R.B., Frazer, J. (eds) (1977) Medical Annual. Wright & Sons, Bristol UK. 108. Ballantyne, B., Gall, D., Robson, D.C. (1976) Effects of Drenching With Dilute Solutions of o-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CS) and Chlorobenz(b.f)-1.4-oxazepine (CR). Med. Sci. Law. Vol.16 No.3, pp.159-170. 109. Ballantyne B., (1977), op.cit 110. Upshall, D.G. (1973) The effects of dibenz(b,f)-1:4 oxazepine (CR) upon rat and rabbit embryonic development. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 24. pp 45-59. 111. Himsworth H., (1971) op.cit. 112. See STOA report, PE 166.499 available at http://jya.com/stoa-atpc.htm , for a fuller discussion. 113. Los Angeles Times, June 18, 1995. 114. Salem, H., Olajos, N.J., Miller, L.M., Thomson, S.A. (1993) Capsaicin Toxicology review. US Army Erdec, Life Sciences department. 115. Edwards, S.M., Granfield, J., Jamie, O. (1997) Evaluation of Pepper Spray. National Institute of Justice. US Dept of Justice. 116. See Busker, R.W., van Helden, H.P. (1998) Toxicologic evaluation of pepperspray as a possible weapon for the Dutch police force:risk assessment and efficacy. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 19 (4). pp 309-16. 117. Lakartidningen (1993), nr7 s.588-589 cited in Winfridsson, A. (1999) Pepparspray och targasspray till valdshotade kvinnor. Institute of Criminologies, Stockholm University in explaining why OC was rejected in favour of CS for licensed protection sprays for women at risk of male lxxvi
violence. 118. Stopford, W. Dr (1996) Statement concerning patho-physiology of Capsicum and risks associated with Oleo-Resin capsicum exposure. Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. July. 119. See GB Application No. WO1998GB0001511, Priority No. GB1997000106363 Pelargonic Acid Vanillyamide containing tear gas. 120. UK House of Commons Written Answer from Mr. Boateng to Mr. Flyn. Hansard. 9 June 1999, col. 335. 121. Police Review (1998) Contract Awarded to research water-based CS spray alternative. 19th December. 122. SIPRI (1975) Delayed Toxic Effects of Chemical Warfare Agents. Stockholm, Sweden, pp 15-17. 123. Physicians For Human Rights, (1987) The Use of Tear Gas in the Republic of Korea: A report by Health professionals. http://www.phrusa.org/research/chemkorea.html 124. Minkahyup Human Rights Group for prisoners of conscience (1996) Human Rights Situation in Korea:An Urgent Report. September. 125. Ibid. In 1987, the US Physicians For Human Rights following their own field research asserted )There is considerable evidence that these essential studies cannot be undertaken in South Korea today. The government has not allowed research by responsible medical investigators of this problem and has refused to identify for health professionals the chemical compounds it is using, thereby blocking essential medical studies and proper treatment.( 126. For a discussion, see Allen, T.J. (2000) Chemical Cops - Tear gas and pepper spray can be deadly. In These Times. US. April 3. 127. From Zarc International (1993) Cap Stun Weapons - Aerosol product Line, Law Enforcement and Military, Technical Information. p.44. 128. Liberty in conjunction with Channel 4 Dispatches (1996) The truth of CS. November. ISBN 1 85144 182 4. 129. Evans, R., Wright, S. (1999) British police face a CS gas attack. Guardian. July 8th. lxxvii
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CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (An appr
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)Crowd Control Technologies : An As
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)Crowd Control Technologies - An As
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It is recommended that new limits s
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Diversity Project), is already open
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guarantees are forthcoming both fro
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No 1. 2. 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1
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No 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.
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An Assessment Of Crowd Control Tech
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[15] Any European wide adoption of
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NEW BIO-WEAPONS FOR CROWD CONTROL [
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than war in Bosnia, Somalia and Kos
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Most of these crowd control weapons
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CR was first synthesized by Higginb
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and some speciality ones. These inc
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Some Examples of Currently Availabl
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3.2 The International Committee Of
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coercion to a greater number of peo
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Fig 5. Severe blistering following
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currently available is not sufficie
Page 42 and 43: 4.1.4 Hazards Of Pyrotechnic & Blas
Page 44 and 45: on particular parts of the human bo
Page 46 and 47: Fig 6. Modern Israeli pulsed jet Wa
Page 48 and 49: Severe skull damage caused by Kinet
Page 50 and 51: The report also stated that )these
Page 52 and 53: cultures. This process is perhaps m
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 9. Police officer targets WTO
Page 56 and 57: Electro-shock weapons have been del
Page 58 and 59: xlii
Page 60 and 61: xliv
Page 62 and 63: + )Neither the existence, the prese
Page 64 and 65: Some Examples of 2 nd Generation No
Page 66 and 67: 6.3.1 Calmatives The human brain ha
Page 68 and 69: By 1994 this work was well on its w
Page 70 and 71: Therefore it does not come as a sur
Page 72 and 73: the bottle, there is still time for
Page 74 and 75: used CS gas to literally fumigate a
Page 76 and 77: poor records of human rights violat
Page 78 and 79: water cannon were identified as Mer
Page 80 and 81: Chemical Name and Formula Munition
Page 82 and 83: NOTES & REFERENCES 1. See Action pl
Page 84 and 85: Avnon and Beit Alfa (Israel), Custo
Page 86 and 87: Company Brochure, April 1996. 43. L
Page 88 and 89: 67. In the SIPRI Yearbook 1998, pag
Page 90 and 91: 82. Chung, C.W., Giles, A.L. (1972)
Page 94 and 95: 130. For example one study using a
Page 96 and 97: The Police Authority of Northern Ir
Page 98 and 99: 173. Statewatch Bulletin (1996). Br
Page 100 and 101: 195. Eg the Armortek water cannon o
Page 102 and 103: 222. http://www.zarc.com/english/ne
Page 104 and 105: 241. OBrien, D. (1991). Op. cit. 24
Page 106 and 107: 260. The isopropyl alcohol used in
Page 108 and 109: 276. Numerous reports from Northern
Page 110 and 111: 285. For example, )using tear gas,
Page 112 and 113: 300. Human Rights Watch (1997) Turk
Page 114 and 115: 312. Aftergood, S. (1994)The Soft-k
Page 116 and 117: low.( New )candidate immobilizers(
Page 118 and 119: 360. See Business Wire (1999) Battl
Page 120 and 121: 380. These crimes have emerged duri
Page 122 and 123: US Clearing Dest: Foreign Port Dest
Page 124 and 125: Mr. Fatchett: In accordance with th
Page 126 and 127: telephone the police. She remembere
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