CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES - Omega Research Foundation

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No 2.4 2.5 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4. 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 Section Stun Grenades Area Denial and Barrier technologies Table of Contents LEGISLATION AT INTERNATIONAL, EU AND NATIONAL LEVELS Proposed EU Ban on Weapons Directly Interfering With Brain Function The International Committee Of The Red Cross SIRius Project International Human Rights Law & Crowd Weapons Of The Future International Legal Prohibitions Against Torture & Blinding Systems Limits Imposed By Provisions Of Chemical Weapons Convention Universal declaration On Human Genome Project & Human Rights EU & National Laws And Exports To Human Rights Violators HEALTH & SAFETY ISSUES Health & Safety Issues Regarding Chemical Irritant Weapons Hazards Of Crowd Control Chemicals Hazards Of Dispensing Excess Levels Of Chemical Irritant Hazards of Carrier Solvents & Propellants Hazards Of Pyrotechnic & Blast Chemical Irritant Delivery Systems Training & Professional Codes Of Conduct Kinetic Impact Weapons - Health & Safety issues Hand Held Baton technology Water Cannon Kinetic Impact Munitions Northern Ireland Occupied Territories Worldwide Electroshock weapons Intended Effects Of Stun Weapons Effects from deployment of stun weapons xiv Page 14 14 16 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 23 24 25 25 25 27 27 28 28 30 30 32 32 34
No 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 6.4 6.5 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8. 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Section ABUSE OF TECHNOLOGIES Chemical Irritant weapons Kinetic Weapons Electro-shock weapons Table of Contents AN ASSESSMENT OF FUTURE CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES History Design, Role & Function of 2 nd Generation Less-Lethal Weapons Varieties of 2 nd Generation Less-Lethal Weapons Calmatives Upgrades of Existing Riot Technologies Entanglements Directed Energy Weapons Area Denial Munitions Designer Bio-Weapons for Selective Mass control International Humanitarian Agencies AN APPRAISAL OF LESS DAMAGING ALTERNATIVES Crowd Control Technologies and Social Contexts The Need for Social Impact Assessments. Alternative Crowd Control Methodologies CCTV Surveillance and Algorithmic Systems EXPORT OF CROWD CONTROL WEAPONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS Transfers (export) of Crowd Control Technologies Kenya - Tear gas, plastic bullets and water cannon Indonesia Zambia xv Page 34 35 36 36 39 39 42 42 44 45 45 45 46 47 48 49 49 49 50 51 52 52 53 54 55
Page 1 and 2: CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (An appr
Page 3 and 4: )Crowd Control Technologies : An As
Page 5 and 6: )Crowd Control Technologies - An As
Page 7 and 8: It is recommended that new limits s
Page 9 and 10: Diversity Project), is already open
Page 11 and 12: guarantees are forthcoming both fro
Page 13: No 1. 2. 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1
Page 18 and 19: An Assessment Of Crowd Control Tech
Page 20 and 21: [15] Any European wide adoption of
Page 22 and 23: NEW BIO-WEAPONS FOR CROWD CONTROL [
Page 24 and 25: than war in Bosnia, Somalia and Kos
Page 26 and 27: Most of these crowd control weapons
Page 28 and 29: CR was first synthesized by Higginb
Page 30 and 31: and some speciality ones. These inc
Page 32 and 33: Some Examples of Currently Availabl
Page 34 and 35: 3.2 The International Committee Of
Page 36 and 37: coercion to a greater number of peo
Page 38 and 39: Fig 5. Severe blistering following
Page 40 and 41: currently available is not sufficie
Page 42 and 43: 4.1.4 Hazards Of Pyrotechnic & Blas
Page 44 and 45: on particular parts of the human bo
Page 46 and 47: Fig 6. Modern Israeli pulsed jet Wa
Page 48 and 49: Severe skull damage caused by Kinet
Page 50 and 51: The report also stated that )these
Page 52 and 53: cultures. This process is perhaps m
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 9. Police officer targets WTO
Page 56 and 57: Electro-shock weapons have been del
Page 58 and 59: xlii
Page 60 and 61: xliv
Page 62 and 63: + )Neither the existence, the prese
Page 64 and 65:
Some Examples of 2 nd Generation No
Page 66 and 67:
6.3.1 Calmatives The human brain ha
Page 68 and 69:
By 1994 this work was well on its w
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Therefore it does not come as a sur
Page 72 and 73:
the bottle, there is still time for
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used CS gas to literally fumigate a
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poor records of human rights violat
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water cannon were identified as Mer
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Chemical Name and Formula Munition
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NOTES & REFERENCES 1. See Action pl
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Avnon and Beit Alfa (Israel), Custo
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Company Brochure, April 1996. 43. L
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67. In the SIPRI Yearbook 1998, pag
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82. Chung, C.W., Giles, A.L. (1972)
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105. McNamara, B.P., Rennie, R.A.,
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130. For example one study using a
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The Police Authority of Northern Ir
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173. Statewatch Bulletin (1996). Br
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195. Eg the Armortek water cannon o
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222. http://www.zarc.com/english/ne
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241. OBrien, D. (1991). Op. cit. 24
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260. The isopropyl alcohol used in
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276. Numerous reports from Northern
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285. For example, )using tear gas,
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300. Human Rights Watch (1997) Turk
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312. Aftergood, S. (1994)The Soft-k
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low.( New )candidate immobilizers(
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360. See Business Wire (1999) Battl
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380. These crimes have emerged duri
Page 122 and 123:
US Clearing Dest: Foreign Port Dest
Page 124 and 125:
Mr. Fatchett: In accordance with th
Page 126 and 127:
telephone the police. She remembere
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