CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES - Omega Research Foundation

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Mr. Fatchett: In accordance with the revised criteria for licensing arms exports, we do not issue arms export licences for Kenya where there is a clearly identifiable risk that the proposed export might be used for internal repression. During 1997 we rejected licence applications (together worth over 1.5 million) to export certain types of riot control equipment, including baton rounds and tear gas, to the Kenyan police. Furthermore, we removed Kenya from the coverage of several Open Individual Export Licences for the supply of body armour, firearms and ammunition. 407. The Nation 6 th October 1998. 408. Agence France Presse 30 th January 1999 Kenya. Dozens injured as Kenyan police tackle eco-protestors. 409. Agence France Presse 10 th June 1999 Kenyan police and demonstrators clash over constitution. 410. Amnesty International, International Secretariat (1999) Tear Tracks: The trail from Europe to Kenya in The Terror Trade Times. October. p10. 411. The East African. 2 nd October, 1997 Kenya makes $4.4m Order for Anti-Riot Vehicles. 412. This combination of chemical irritant and marker dye has often led to observers and victims mis-reporting the weapons deployed. For example, )This time the paramilitary police drove British-made armoured water cannon onto the campus and sprayed the students with an ammonia solution. The water cannon were part of batch of nine exported to Indonesia in 1995. Dozens of students suffered skin burns. Independent, 27 March 1997 British arms help Jakarta's war against its own citizens. 413. TAPOL (1997) Statement on the Judicial Review Initiative.25th March 1997.(There was also overwhelming evidence that British and German water cannon had been out on the streets on 27 July 1996 and that water cannon were used to spray demonstrators with coloured liquid, possibly CS gas(. 414. Amnesty International News Release (1997) Indonesia and East Timor. Arms and security transfers undermine human rights. AI Index ASA 21/39/97. 3 rd June. Riot control vehicles supplied from the UK to Indonesia during 1994-5 were fitted with powerful water cannons designed to use both tear gas as well as pink dye. Both types of chemicals have been reportedly used by Indonesian security forces on street protestors. It is known that such dye has been used to mark street protestors in Jakarta. On 23 May 1997, a photograph and report of a riot control vehicle using pink dye was published by a UK newspaper. The UK Government has stated that it is opposed to the use of such dye by the Indonesia authorities and agreed on 12 February cviii
1997 to investigate reports of the misuse of the water cannon. Nevertheless, it has been reported to Amnesty International that further transfers of such water cannon to Indonesia from the UK are being considered. Amnesty International believes that as long as arbitrary arrests and ill-treatment by the security forces are common in Indonesia, and until the UK Government has reported the results of its investigation into the misuse of water cannon to Parliament and can offer reasonable assurances that such transfers will not be misused again, such transfers should be stopped. 415. Ezell, E. (1988) Small Arms Today. Boston, Stackpole Books. p205. 416. A report dating from 1990 that Schermuly had supplied a small amount of CS gas. Defence Manufacturers Association (1990) Police & Security Requirements for Equipment and Services in the ASEAN region. August. p238. 417. SS1-V1, SS1-V2 and SS1-V3 assault rifles. Janes Infantry Weapons 1997/98, p153. 418. Defence Manufacturers Associationm (1990) Police & Security Requirements for Equipment and Services in the ASEAN Region. August. p238. 419. Janes International Defence Directory 1995. Janes Publications Group, UK. PT Pindad was listed as supplying: small arms ammunition, spares for licenced weapons, mortar bombs, hand grenades, explosive devices, pyrotechnics, and Grenades, anti-riot, tear gas CN, hand launched. 420. Interview on 7 November 1997 with Rabbison Chongo, of Zambias United National Independence Party (UNIP) in London 421. After being beaten by police, then detained in a police van, she said she watched the police officers going inside the building to shoot tear gas rounds, then closing the main glass door of the lobby to contain it )The smoke in this office was terrible. I tried to wash my face. I wanted to go upstairs to the first floor. I couldnt see in front of me, about five feet in front, I couldnt see because it was like chili in my eyes. I was following the wall to go out and up the stairs. Then someone was pulling me out. A hand was pulling me out. It was the police. They started beating me. Three police men, they hit me with batons. Wooden batons, a club with a handle on the side. They tore my skirt and threw me in a van. What I saw when I looked out: guns., The police were going in with guns. They opened the door [to Freedom House] and would shoot teargas, then they closed the door again. (Interview with Mrs Melania Chipungu, 8 April 1998). 422.UNIP official Basil Kabwe recalled )We sent out telephone messages to red cross. Mrs Melian Sebente Akuffo managed to get through to the Red Cross. But the police shot tear gas canisters at the ambulance, it was clearly marked with a red cross, and it turned around and drove away again.( (Interview with Basil Kabwe in Lusaka, 8 April 1998) 423.For example, on 27 July 1998, Melian Sebente Akuffo was at another UNIP office elsewhere in Lusaka. After phoning Freedom House, she was asked cix
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CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (An appr
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)Crowd Control Technologies : An As
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)Crowd Control Technologies - An As
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It is recommended that new limits s
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Diversity Project), is already open
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guarantees are forthcoming both fro
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No 1. 2. 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1
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No 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.
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An Assessment Of Crowd Control Tech
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[15] Any European wide adoption of
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NEW BIO-WEAPONS FOR CROWD CONTROL [
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than war in Bosnia, Somalia and Kos
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Most of these crowd control weapons
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CR was first synthesized by Higginb
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and some speciality ones. These inc
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Some Examples of Currently Availabl
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3.2 The International Committee Of
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coercion to a greater number of peo
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Fig 5. Severe blistering following
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currently available is not sufficie
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4.1.4 Hazards Of Pyrotechnic & Blas
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on particular parts of the human bo
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Fig 6. Modern Israeli pulsed jet Wa
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Severe skull damage caused by Kinet
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The report also stated that )these
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cultures. This process is perhaps m
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Fig. 9. Police officer targets WTO
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Electro-shock weapons have been del
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xlii
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xliv
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+ )Neither the existence, the prese
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Some Examples of 2 nd Generation No
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6.3.1 Calmatives The human brain ha
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By 1994 this work was well on its w
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Therefore it does not come as a sur
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the bottle, there is still time for
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Page 78 and 79: water cannon were identified as Mer
Page 80 and 81: Chemical Name and Formula Munition
Page 82 and 83: NOTES & REFERENCES 1. See Action pl
Page 84 and 85: Avnon and Beit Alfa (Israel), Custo
Page 86 and 87: Company Brochure, April 1996. 43. L
Page 88 and 89: 67. In the SIPRI Yearbook 1998, pag
Page 90 and 91: 82. Chung, C.W., Giles, A.L. (1972)
Page 92 and 93: 105. McNamara, B.P., Rennie, R.A.,
Page 94 and 95: 130. For example one study using a
Page 96 and 97: The Police Authority of Northern Ir
Page 98 and 99: 173. Statewatch Bulletin (1996). Br
Page 100 and 101: 195. Eg the Armortek water cannon o
Page 102 and 103: 222. http://www.zarc.com/english/ne
Page 104 and 105: 241. OBrien, D. (1991). Op. cit. 24
Page 106 and 107: 260. The isopropyl alcohol used in
Page 108 and 109: 276. Numerous reports from Northern
Page 110 and 111: 285. For example, )using tear gas,
Page 112 and 113: 300. Human Rights Watch (1997) Turk
Page 114 and 115: 312. Aftergood, S. (1994)The Soft-k
Page 116 and 117: low.( New )candidate immobilizers(
Page 118 and 119: 360. See Business Wire (1999) Battl
Page 120 and 121: 380. These crimes have emerged duri
Page 122 and 123: US Clearing Dest: Foreign Port Dest
Page 126 and 127: telephone the police. She remembere
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