CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES - Omega Research Foundation

NOTES & REFERENCES
1. See Action plan of the Council and the Commission on how best to implement the provisions of the Treaty of Amsterdam on an area of freedom, security and
justice (text adopted by the Justice and Home Affairs Council on 3 December 1998) Official Journal of the European Communities C19, vol 42, 23 January 1999.
2.A new beginning: Policing in Northern Ireland -The report of the Independent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland. September 1999,
http://www.belfast.org.uk/report/
3. Statement by the UK Secretary of State for Foreign & Commonwealth Affairs (1997). )Action being taken to ban the export of electro-shock
weapons(. 28 th July.
4.European Parliament, Committee On Foreign Affairs, Security and Defence Policy, 14 January 1999 - PE227.710/fin.
5.Given that the EU recently gave recognition that certain classes of crowd control equipment can be used for human rights violation (when setting
export restrictions to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) it would be a useful starting point if this typology of weapons and ammunition were
considered and agreed as a base line when excluding crowd control weapons from export to human rights violating regimes. (Council Regulation (EC)
No 926/98 of 27 April 1998 concerning reduction of certain economic relations with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Official Journal L130,01, 05/1998 (Doc.
398R0926) The community legislation in force is comprehensive and restricts exports of equipment which might be used for internal repression including antiriot
shields, water cannon, acoustic devices for riot control, electric-shock belts designed for restraining human beings, vehicles designed to be electrified to repel
boarders, portable teargas and pepper-gas sprays, electric shock shields, batons, tasers etc).
6.This report (PE 166.499) is available free from the European Parliament or via http://jya.com/stoa-atpc.htm
7.See Ackroyd et. al (1980) for a historical discussion of the different types of riot weapons used in European foreign colonies and why.
8. Lamb, Christopher (1995) Non-Lethal Weapons Policy: Department of Defence Directive 1st January. p.1.
9. A comprehensive bibliography is presented in Bunker, R.J. (ed.) (1998) Non-Lethal Weapons: Terms and References. INSS Occasional paper 15. USAF
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