CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES - Omega Research Foundation

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360. See Business Wire (1999) Battlefields of the future - Tasertrons Mine and Munition patents Issued Now, Oct. 14, p.196. 361.Malodourous substances were chosen for US funding under the FY 1997 selection round - Investigating effect of odourous compounds on people of various cultures and geographical locations. See presentation of J Busic Technology Investment:exploring New Non Lethal Weapons concepts, Janes Non-Lethal Weapons - Development & Doctrine conference, December 1998. 362.For a presentation of these weapons and their tactical utility see RDF(1996), Non-Lethal Weapon broadcast by CH. 4's Equinox series, 22 nd . September and subsequently repeated on the US Discovery Channel. 363. By academics and former military scientists writing for SIPRI. For a clear discussion of these developments see, Barfal, T., Lundin S.J., and Rybeck B., (1993) Benefits and threats of developments in biotechnology and genetic engineering,Appendix 7A.,SIPRI Year Book, World Armament and Disarmament, Stockholm, Sweden. 364. See for example, Larson CA., (1970) Ethnic Weapons, Military Review, Nov. 3-11. 365. For an extended scientific discussion of the basis of such genetic breakthroughs and their feasibility, see the BMAs (1999) Biotechnology, Weapons and Humanity, Harwood Academic Publishers, Ch.4, pp53-68 366. Enriques J., (1998) Genomics and the worlds economy. Science, vol 28, 14 August, pp.925-26. 367. For a recent comprehensive and clear discussion of the prospects of genetic warfare and the breakthroughs in bio-technology upon which it can be based, see Dando M., (1998) Benefits and Threats of developments in biotechnology and genetic engineering, Appendix 13A, SIPRI Year Book, World Armament and Disarmament, Stockholm, Sweden. 368.The 5 th . Review conference of the BTWC will take place in 2001. Detailed accounts and summaries of the negotiations are available at the joint SIPRI/Bradford Department of Peace Studies Internet site at URL http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc 369. However some of these concerns have been addressed by the Principles of the Universal Declaration of the Human Genome and Human Rights. They have been more specifically covered by the resolution on legal aspects of military activities passed at the meeting of the EPs Foreign Affairs, Security and defence Policy which called for an international convention and global ban on all research and development , whether civilian or military , which seeks to apply knowledge of the chemical, electrical, sound vibration or other functioning of the human brain to the development cii
of weapons which might enable any form of manipulation of human beings, including a ban on any actual or possible deployment of such systems. 370. Non-Lethal Weapons and International Humanitarian Law, Proceedings of Janes Non-Lethal Weapons Conference 1-2 December 1998. 371. Edwards, R.(1999) Humane Killing, New Scientist, 4 December, pp. 14-15 372. ICRC(1997) The SIrUSProject, Geneva. Also http://www.icrc.org (English) 373. For a discussion see Edwards. R.,(1999) Humane Killing, New Scientist, 4 December, pp.14-15. 374. Pugwash Newsletter (1997) November, p.276 375.Amnesty International (1997) Arming the Torturers: Electroshock Torture and the Spread of Stun Technology, London: International Secretariat. 376. Pugwash(1997) see note 38. 377. Reuters 20 th March 2000 Glock Mulls Joining US Handgun Settlement. In the US,12 children under the age of 19 are killed by guns every day - by adults, each other or by accident which is more than all the other industrialised countries combined. Every two years, more Americans are killed by guns than died in the entire Vietnam War see, MacIntyre, B.(2000) Shooting From the Lip Over Right To Bear Arms. Times, London 25 th March. 378. For a useful discussion of such dilemmas for US police officers see, Major Steve James collection of articles on less-lethal force options and impact projectiles. Available from City of Springfield Police Department, 321 E. Chestnut Expressway, Springfield, Missouri 655802, USA Fax (417) 864 1827 (HRT4ME@dialnet.net) 379. Amnesty International (2000) Austria before the UN Committee against Torture: allegations of police ill-treatment. AI Index: EUR 13/001/00. 24 th . March. The report accused the Austrian police of seriously flouting human rights and abusing their powers in their treatment of black detainees. Based on the findings of the UN Committee Against Torture, the report provides detailed eyewitness accounts and medical reports of detainees being kicked, punched beaten with truncheons and sprayed with pepper. See also Guardian 25th March 2000. ciii
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CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (An appr
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)Crowd Control Technologies : An As
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)Crowd Control Technologies - An As
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It is recommended that new limits s
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Diversity Project), is already open
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guarantees are forthcoming both fro
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No 1. 2. 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1
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No 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.
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An Assessment Of Crowd Control Tech
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[15] Any European wide adoption of
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NEW BIO-WEAPONS FOR CROWD CONTROL [
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than war in Bosnia, Somalia and Kos
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Most of these crowd control weapons
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CR was first synthesized by Higginb
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and some speciality ones. These inc
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Some Examples of Currently Availabl
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3.2 The International Committee Of
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coercion to a greater number of peo
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Fig 5. Severe blistering following
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currently available is not sufficie
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4.1.4 Hazards Of Pyrotechnic & Blas
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on particular parts of the human bo
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Fig 6. Modern Israeli pulsed jet Wa
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Severe skull damage caused by Kinet
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The report also stated that )these
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cultures. This process is perhaps m
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Fig. 9. Police officer targets WTO
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Electro-shock weapons have been del
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xlii
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xliv
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+ )Neither the existence, the prese
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Some Examples of 2 nd Generation No
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6.3.1 Calmatives The human brain ha
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Page 70 and 71: Therefore it does not come as a sur
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Page 74 and 75: used CS gas to literally fumigate a
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Page 78 and 79: water cannon were identified as Mer
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Page 82 and 83: NOTES & REFERENCES 1. See Action pl
Page 84 and 85: Avnon and Beit Alfa (Israel), Custo
Page 86 and 87: Company Brochure, April 1996. 43. L
Page 88 and 89: 67. In the SIPRI Yearbook 1998, pag
Page 90 and 91: 82. Chung, C.W., Giles, A.L. (1972)
Page 92 and 93: 105. McNamara, B.P., Rennie, R.A.,
Page 94 and 95: 130. For example one study using a
Page 96 and 97: The Police Authority of Northern Ir
Page 98 and 99: 173. Statewatch Bulletin (1996). Br
Page 100 and 101: 195. Eg the Armortek water cannon o
Page 102 and 103: 222. http://www.zarc.com/english/ne
Page 104 and 105: 241. OBrien, D. (1991). Op. cit. 24
Page 106 and 107: 260. The isopropyl alcohol used in
Page 108 and 109: 276. Numerous reports from Northern
Page 110 and 111: 285. For example, )using tear gas,
Page 112 and 113: 300. Human Rights Watch (1997) Turk
Page 114 and 115: 312. Aftergood, S. (1994)The Soft-k
Page 116 and 117: low.( New )candidate immobilizers(
Page 120 and 121: 380. These crimes have emerged duri
Page 122 and 123: US Clearing Dest: Foreign Port Dest
Page 124 and 125: Mr. Fatchett: In accordance with th
Page 126 and 127: telephone the police. She remembere
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