CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES - Omega Research Foundation

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NOTES & REFERENCES 1. See Action plan of the Council and the Commission on how best to implement the provisions of the Treaty of Amsterdam on an area of freedom, security and justice (text adopted by the Justice and Home Affairs Council on 3 December 1998) Official Journal of the European Communities C19, vol 42, 23 January 1999. 2.A new beginning: Policing in Northern Ireland -The report of the Independent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland. September 1999, http://www.belfast.org.uk/report/ 3. Statement by the UK Secretary of State for Foreign & Commonwealth Affairs (1997). )Action being taken to ban the export of electro-shock weapons(. 28 th July. 4.European Parliament, Committee On Foreign Affairs, Security and Defence Policy, 14 January 1999 - PE227.710/fin. 5.Given that the EU recently gave recognition that certain classes of crowd control equipment can be used for human rights violation (when setting export restrictions to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) it would be a useful starting point if this typology of weapons and ammunition were considered and agreed as a base line when excluding crowd control weapons from export to human rights violating regimes. (Council Regulation (EC) No 926/98 of 27 April 1998 concerning reduction of certain economic relations with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Official Journal L130,01, 05/1998 (Doc. 398R0926) The community legislation in force is comprehensive and restricts exports of equipment which might be used for internal repression including antiriot shields, water cannon, acoustic devices for riot control, electric-shock belts designed for restraining human beings, vehicles designed to be electrified to repel boarders, portable teargas and pepper-gas sprays, electric shock shields, batons, tasers etc). 6.This report (PE 166.499) is available free from the European Parliament or via http://jya.com/stoa-atpc.htm 7.See Ackroyd et. al (1980) for a historical discussion of the different types of riot weapons used in European foreign colonies and why. 8. Lamb, Christopher (1995) Non-Lethal Weapons Policy: Department of Defence Directive 1st January. p.1. 9. A comprehensive bibliography is presented in Bunker, R.J. (ed.) (1998) Non-Lethal Weapons: Terms and References. INSS Occasional paper 15. USAF lxvi
Institute For National Security Studies, USAF Academy, Colorado. (Available via http://www.infowar.com/resource/res_100997a.html-ssi). 10. See Wright, S (1999) The Hypocrisy of Non-Lethal weapons. Le Monde Diplomatique. December. Lewer, N. & Schofield, S. (1997) Non Lethal weapons - a Fatal Attraction. Zed Press, London. Dando, M (1996) A new form of warfare: the rise of non-lethal weapons. Brasseys, London. 11. Defense News October 1999 12. The Technical Annex contains 8 Appendices which provide a detailed technical treatment of the current state of the art. Appendix 1 has used open source literature derived from military, security and police exhibitions, to identify the key manufacturers, suppliers and distributors of crowd control weapons worldwide. 13. See Action Plan of the Council & Commission on how best to implement the provisions of the Treaty of Amsterdam on an area of freedom, security and justice. (Text adopted by the Justice and Home Affairs Council, 3 December 1998) Official Journal of the European Communities, C19, Vol 42, Notice No. 1999/C19/0123. January 1999. 14. Archer, Denis, H.R. (Ed)(1978) Janes Infantry Weapons 1978'. Janes Publication Group, UK. 15.Dewar, Michael (1979) Internal Security Weapons and Equipment of The World. Ian Allan Ltd, London, UK. 16. Manufactured or distributed by companies such as Armament Systems and Procedures, Inc (USA), Civil Defence Supply Ltd (UK), ICL Technical Plastics (UK), Le Protecteur (France) and Dipl Ing. Walfass (Germany). 17. Manufactured or distributed by companies such as Bonowi (Germany), ISPRA (Israel), DEFEX (Spain), Federal Laboratories & Mace Security International (USA), 18. Manufactured or distributed by companies such as Verney Carron (France), Flashball; SAE Alsetex (France); Pipenbrock Pyrotechnic (Germany); Heckler & Koch (Germany), Rubber Impact Cartridge; Simad Stacchini (Italy) Baton round; Crown Aircartridge (mnetherlands), Jellybaton; Swartklip (South Africa), Pains Wessex and Haley & Weller (UK), and the US Army Ring Airfoil Civil Disturbance Control system. 19. Manufactured or distributed by companies such as Manhurin (France), MR35 Punch; Royal Ordnance (UK), Arwen which can fire a range of 37/38mm munitions including smoke, irritant CS gas and variable range plastic baton rounds and Mechem (South Africa) MGL 40mm Multiple Grenade Launcher. 20. Manufactured or distributed by companies such as GKN Defence (UK), Mercedes Benz (Germany), CSI Princhim, Lohr and Soframe (France), lxvii
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CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (An appr
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)Crowd Control Technologies : An As
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)Crowd Control Technologies - An As
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It is recommended that new limits s
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Diversity Project), is already open
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guarantees are forthcoming both fro
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No 1. 2. 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1
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No 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.
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An Assessment Of Crowd Control Tech
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[15] Any European wide adoption of
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NEW BIO-WEAPONS FOR CROWD CONTROL [
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than war in Bosnia, Somalia and Kos
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Most of these crowd control weapons
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CR was first synthesized by Higginb
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and some speciality ones. These inc
Page 32 and 33: Some Examples of Currently Availabl
Page 34 and 35: 3.2 The International Committee Of
Page 36 and 37: coercion to a greater number of peo
Page 38 and 39: Fig 5. Severe blistering following
Page 40 and 41: currently available is not sufficie
Page 42 and 43: 4.1.4 Hazards Of Pyrotechnic & Blas
Page 44 and 45: on particular parts of the human bo
Page 46 and 47: Fig 6. Modern Israeli pulsed jet Wa
Page 48 and 49: Severe skull damage caused by Kinet
Page 50 and 51: The report also stated that )these
Page 52 and 53: cultures. This process is perhaps m
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 9. Police officer targets WTO
Page 56 and 57: Electro-shock weapons have been del
Page 58 and 59: xlii
Page 60 and 61: xliv
Page 62 and 63: + )Neither the existence, the prese
Page 64 and 65: Some Examples of 2 nd Generation No
Page 66 and 67: 6.3.1 Calmatives The human brain ha
Page 68 and 69: By 1994 this work was well on its w
Page 70 and 71: Therefore it does not come as a sur
Page 72 and 73: the bottle, there is still time for
Page 74 and 75: used CS gas to literally fumigate a
Page 76 and 77: poor records of human rights violat
Page 78 and 79: water cannon were identified as Mer
Page 80 and 81: Chemical Name and Formula Munition
Page 84 and 85: Avnon and Beit Alfa (Israel), Custo
Page 86 and 87: Company Brochure, April 1996. 43. L
Page 88 and 89: 67. In the SIPRI Yearbook 1998, pag
Page 90 and 91: 82. Chung, C.W., Giles, A.L. (1972)
Page 92 and 93: 105. McNamara, B.P., Rennie, R.A.,
Page 94 and 95: 130. For example one study using a
Page 96 and 97: The Police Authority of Northern Ir
Page 98 and 99: 173. Statewatch Bulletin (1996). Br
Page 100 and 101: 195. Eg the Armortek water cannon o
Page 102 and 103: 222. http://www.zarc.com/english/ne
Page 104 and 105: 241. OBrien, D. (1991). Op. cit. 24
Page 106 and 107: 260. The isopropyl alcohol used in
Page 108 and 109: 276. Numerous reports from Northern
Page 110 and 111: 285. For example, )using tear gas,
Page 112 and 113: 300. Human Rights Watch (1997) Turk
Page 114 and 115: 312. Aftergood, S. (1994)The Soft-k
Page 116 and 117: low.( New )candidate immobilizers(
Page 118 and 119: 360. See Business Wire (1999) Battl
Page 120 and 121: 380. These crimes have emerged duri
Page 122 and 123: US Clearing Dest: Foreign Port Dest
Page 124 and 125: Mr. Fatchett: In accordance with th
Page 126 and 127: telephone the police. She remembere
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