CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES - Omega Research Foundation

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260. The isopropyl alcohol used in Cap-Stun is flammable. There is a court case pending concerning the use of Cap-Stun. Rick Wimberly, from Cap-Stun Weapon Systems, supplied the following information:"On August 10, 1990, NYPD officers responded to a call about an emotionally disturbed boy armed with a hammer and two knives who had locked himself in his bathroom. The officers opened the bathroom door and sprayed the subject with a crowd control unit sold by Luckey Police Products, the former owners of Cap-Stun. When the subject did not respond to a verbal command, the officers shot him with an electronic taser. A spark started a fire. The boy suffered first and second degree burns. There are two different accounts on how the fire started. Either the Taser ignited the boy after he was sprayed or the taser ignited the shower curtain and wallpaper, and burned the boy". Cincinnati Police Division Chemical Aerosol Report 1992. 261. Report of the Joint Committee of Inquiry into the Background, Circumstances and actions resulting in the death and injury of rail commuters at Tembisa Station on 31 July 1996. 262. Op. cit. p18 263. A 1997 study by Prof. Peter Kraska and Victor Kappeler at Eastern Kentucky Universitys School of Police Studies in the USA, reports that this process accelerated in the 1980's when 90 per cent of the police departments surveyed in cities over 50,000 had paramilitary units, as did 70 percent of departments surveyed in communities with populations under 50,000. See Kraska, P. and Kappeler, V. (1997) Militarizing American Police: The Rise and Normalization of Paramilitary Units. Social Problems. 44. p.24. 264. Weber, D.C. (1999) Warrior Cops - The Ominous Growth of Paramilitarism in American Police Departments. Briefing Report No.50, The Cato Institute, August 26 th . 265. Hard evidence of such civilian casualties killed by police friendly fire, particularly in US black ghetto areas, is already documented. See for example Cassidy, P. (1997) Operation Ghetto Storm - The Rise in Paramilitary Policing. Covert Action Quarterly. No. 62. Fall 1997. pp 20-25. 266. For an excellent discussion of this phenomena, see Kraska, P. and Kappeler, V. (1997) Op. cit. 267. See U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. Department of Defense (1997) Joint Technology Program: Second Anniversary Report. Washington, US Department of Justice, February. pp.1-18. 268. Also of note are the changing contexts in which such weapons can be authorised - for example, controlling protestors hundreds of kilometres away from the site of any demonstration or static assembly. Thus, the recent EU proposals already agreed make the deployment of such public order xc
tactics weapons and options legal at the discretion of senior police officer, acting at the bequest of a fellow European colleague wishing to dissuade European nationals travelling outside their country of residence. 269. See for example, Hersh, S.M. (1969) Your friendly neighbourhood MACE. New York Review of Books. 27 th March. pp 41-44. Page, J.A. (1969) Mace for the masses, Commonweal. 90(5). 141-3. 18 th April. Public Sale of protective Chemical Sprays, Hearings before the consumer subcommittee of the US Senate committee on Commerce,21 May 1969. 270. Amnesty International, International Secretariat (2000) USA - Ruling limiting Police use of Pepper Spray * A Positive step. AI Index AMR 51/72/2000. News Service 92. 17 th May. 271. Amnesty International Press release (1997) AI-USA:Police Use of pepper Spray Is Tantamount To Torture. Nov 7 th . 272. Amnesty International News Service (2000).Austria - Incidents of police brutality continue. )Supported by eyewitness reports and medical evidence, detainees have reported being repeatedly kicked, punched, kneed, beaten with truncheons and sprayed with pepper after restraint. The victims are mostly non-white foreign or Austrian nationals and in many cases police are alleged to have used racist language.( AI Index: EUR 13/07/00. 24 th March. 273. US GAC, (1989) Israel: Use of US Manufactured Tear Gas in the Occupied Territories. Report to the Honourable Ronald V. dellums. House of representatives. April. 274. A point recognised by NATO spokesman General Guiseppe Marani who announced reports of Yugoslav forces in Kosovo using tear gas to drive civilians from their homes in Pristina. He stated: "Tear gas shouldn't be used in combat. It can be used for police work. You can use it to pull someone out of a house and arrest him. It shouldn't be used to pull someone out of a house and shoot him." Reuters 20 th Apr 1999, NATO says it hit Serb `Frog' surface missile site. 275. Examples of baton abuse are reported in virtually every country worldwide. Most of this abuse is unsystematic, but in some cases more systematic abuse has been reported, "among the more primitive weapons deployed are hard fibre glass batons and iron batons covered with plastic; these have replaced the wooden stick. They have been used to smash demonstrators cheekbones, forcing their eyes from their sockets. Dr John Hiddlestone, a UN health official, says he has seen so many of these wounds inflicted with 'such a degree of accuracy' that h believes troops must have had training for this particular blow." South (1988) The science of suppression. November. xci
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CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (An appr
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)Crowd Control Technologies : An As
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)Crowd Control Technologies - An As
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It is recommended that new limits s
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Diversity Project), is already open
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guarantees are forthcoming both fro
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No 1. 2. 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1
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No 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.
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An Assessment Of Crowd Control Tech
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[15] Any European wide adoption of
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NEW BIO-WEAPONS FOR CROWD CONTROL [
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than war in Bosnia, Somalia and Kos
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Most of these crowd control weapons
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CR was first synthesized by Higginb
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and some speciality ones. These inc
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Some Examples of Currently Availabl
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3.2 The International Committee Of
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coercion to a greater number of peo
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Fig 5. Severe blistering following
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currently available is not sufficie
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4.1.4 Hazards Of Pyrotechnic & Blas
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on particular parts of the human bo
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Fig 6. Modern Israeli pulsed jet Wa
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Severe skull damage caused by Kinet
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The report also stated that )these
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cultures. This process is perhaps m
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Fig. 9. Police officer targets WTO
Page 56 and 57: Electro-shock weapons have been del
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Page 62 and 63: + )Neither the existence, the prese
Page 64 and 65: Some Examples of 2 nd Generation No
Page 66 and 67: 6.3.1 Calmatives The human brain ha
Page 68 and 69: By 1994 this work was well on its w
Page 70 and 71: Therefore it does not come as a sur
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Page 74 and 75: used CS gas to literally fumigate a
Page 76 and 77: poor records of human rights violat
Page 78 and 79: water cannon were identified as Mer
Page 80 and 81: Chemical Name and Formula Munition
Page 82 and 83: NOTES & REFERENCES 1. See Action pl
Page 84 and 85: Avnon and Beit Alfa (Israel), Custo
Page 86 and 87: Company Brochure, April 1996. 43. L
Page 88 and 89: 67. In the SIPRI Yearbook 1998, pag
Page 90 and 91: 82. Chung, C.W., Giles, A.L. (1972)
Page 92 and 93: 105. McNamara, B.P., Rennie, R.A.,
Page 94 and 95: 130. For example one study using a
Page 96 and 97: The Police Authority of Northern Ir
Page 98 and 99: 173. Statewatch Bulletin (1996). Br
Page 100 and 101: 195. Eg the Armortek water cannon o
Page 102 and 103: 222. http://www.zarc.com/english/ne
Page 104 and 105: 241. OBrien, D. (1991). Op. cit. 24
Page 108 and 109: 276. Numerous reports from Northern
Page 110 and 111: 285. For example, )using tear gas,
Page 112 and 113: 300. Human Rights Watch (1997) Turk
Page 114 and 115: 312. Aftergood, S. (1994)The Soft-k
Page 116 and 117: low.( New )candidate immobilizers(
Page 118 and 119: 360. See Business Wire (1999) Battl
Page 120 and 121: 380. These crimes have emerged duri
Page 122 and 123: US Clearing Dest: Foreign Port Dest
Page 124 and 125: Mr. Fatchett: In accordance with th
Page 126 and 127: telephone the police. She remembere
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