CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES - Omega Research Foundation

173. Statewatch Bulletin (1996). Brian Douglas was the first person to die after being struck on the neck by a long handled baton. July/August, vol 6 no 4.
174. Police Complaints Authority (UK) (1998) Striking a balance: the police use of the new batons. Crown. ISBN 0-9553157-1-1.
175. Robb, J.D.A. and Mathews, J.G.W. (1971) The injuries and management of riot casualties admitted to the Belfast hospital wards August to October 1969'.
British Journal of Surgery. Vol 58. No.6. June.
176. Guardian 30/12/98 New Police batons may cause lasting injuries. The police have been told not to use their new, longer, US style batons to hit suspects on
the kneecaps or shins because of the danger that the blows will result in long-term injuries, including fractures. The warning from the Police Complaints Authority
follows an inquiry into more than 450 official complaints about the new batons that have replaced the traditional truncheon.
177. Statewatch Bulletin January 1999, vol 9 no 1.
178. Statewatch Bulletin, January 2000, Vol 10 No 1. UK: Northumbria police constabulary withdraws extendable batons, )because we did not see the
operational necessity to use them outweighed the research which was available nationally saying such weapons were responsible for a higher proportion of injuries
and damage to people than other kinds of batons.(
179. Detroit Sunday Journal (1997) Vance video shows guards in assault drills. )One technique, involving short wrist snaps that deliver powerful blows, is meant
to deceive judges and others who must try to decide if a victim of such a clubbing was hit hard, according to drill leaders present. One said the technique must be
used )if theres a video camera out there().July 27-August 2.
180. Http://www.ebm-online.com/batton/spinex.htm 20/3/2000. The SpineX - a new Dutch produced curved baton.
181. Home Office Police Research Group, UK. (1993) Assessing the Expandable Side Handled Baton. Police Research Series Paper 11. )The Expandable Side
Handled Baton (ESHB) was, however drawn much more frequently than the truncheon, reflecting officers greater confidence in the ESHB than in the truncheon.
This greater preparedness to draw the ESHB, together with a greater readiness to intervene in more violent incidents, meant more minor injuries to those members
of the public involved in reported disturbances were caused by the ESHB than by the truncheon.(
182. Guardian 1 st October 1985.
183. Amnesty International (1999) Urgent Action Bulletin Malaysia. September. Eight people are reported to have received hospital treatment, either as a result
of injuries sustained, or for the after effects of chemicals used by water cannon to disperse demonstrators. Helmi bin Muhammed is reported to have received
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