June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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Tantalus is "closed" and of higher stature. While no measurement of biomass was made, it is evident that a larger standing crop is maintained on the more fertile cinder-derived soils of Tantalus than at Pupukea. In some cases, the distribution of exotic species can be directlv correlated with the canovv characteristics of the community .* For example, shade-loving Setaria palmaefolia and Commelina diffusa are found on the forest floor of Tantalus. Neither species occurs in the open forest of the Pupukea study area. At Pupukea, Andropogon virginicus locally dominates the qround cover under the open tree canow. *- - but this srass is not found on Tantalus. t he-distributions of these and-other species appear to be controlled by biotic characteristics of the ecosystems, and only secondarily by the environmental factors which determine the general structure of the community. In other cases, the effect of environmental factors is directly expressed. The near absence of the common guava, Psidium guajava, from the Pupukea study area is not a result of seed unavailability, lack of vegetation disturbance, or an unsuitable vegetation structure. The most reasonable explanation is that this tree can not tolerate the stress of the acid, infertile soil of Pupukea. Similarly, Clidemia hirta is in the vicinity of Tantalus and has been shown to be relatively shade tolerant (Wester & Wood 1977) but it is not found in the Tantalus study area. This species is very tolerant of infertile soil but lacks the genetic attributes needed to compete with faster growing plants on a less stressful site. This tree appears to be both tolerant of soil infertility and capable of competing on more fertile sites. That soil fertility is a controlling factor in the distribution of both native and exotic plants is supported by the find- ing that the vegetation of the infertile lava-derived soils of Tantalus is more likethe vegetation-of Pupukeathan like that-of the more fertile soils of Tantalus. The vegetation of these lava-derived soils of Tantalus exhibits an open canopy; lacks a number of species common in other Tantalus communities, such as and possesses several species common at Pupukea on Tantalus, such as Dicranopteris linearis. In conclusion, it has been found that a number of exotic species have escaped cultivation into the native vegetation around Honolulu. Some of these do not appear to be aggressive; others, such as Citharex lem caudatum, do. Some exotic species, especially g r a s s e m have distribution patterns deter- mined by community biotic factors, such as degree of canopy cover. The distribution of other species is controlled by soil fertility. It is suggested that the difference in soil fertility be- tween the Tantalus and Pupukea study areas is one of several or many environmental barriers that can be found within a climat- ically similar zone of the Ko'olau Mountains. These barriers may effectively prevent the spread of an exotic species through the
native rain forest. However, the several exotic species that are capable of crossing all or most of these barriers are the plants that must be considered a threat to the integrity of native vegetation and to the existence of local endemics. From this study it has been found that the most threatening exotic plants in the rain forests of the Ko'olau Mountains are Psidium cattleianum, Citharexylem caudatum, and Clidemia hirta. LITERATURE CITED Egler, F. E. 1939. Vegetation zones of Oahu, Hawaii. Empire Forestry J ournal 18(1): 1-14. MacDonald, G. A., and A. T. Abbott. 1970. Volcanoes in the sea. Univ. Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 441 pp. St. John, H. 1973. List and summary of the flowering plants in the Hawaiian Islands. Pac. Trop. Bot. Gdn. Mem. 1. 519 pp. Taliaferro, W. J. 1959. Rainfall of the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaii Water Authority, Honolulu. USACH. Installation environmental impact statements. Botanical Survey. United States Army Support Command, Hawaii. Held in Dept. of Botany, Univ. Hawaii. (Unpublished). USDA Soil Conservation Service. 1972. Soil survey of the islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Lanai, State of Hawaii. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 754 pp. Voorhees, J. F. 1929? A quantitative study of the rainfall of the island of Oahu. Paradise of the Pacific, Honolulu. Wester, L. L., and H. B. Wood. 1977. Koster's curse (Clidemia hirta), a weed pest in Hawaiian forests. Environmental Conservation 4(1): 35-42.
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COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES
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PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENTS Apple, Ru
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Gon, Samuel M., 111 ALTITUDINAL EFF
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Stemmermann, Lani HALEAKALA NATIONA
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ROOF RAT DEPREDATIONS ON HIBISCADEL
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Feeding upon seed pods Immature see
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NENE REINTRODUCTION PROGRAM AND RES
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R. C. L. Perkins (1903) also believ
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Although Nene in HAVO pens are expo
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irds have been forced to mate with
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TABLE 1. Individual results of 6nl
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TABLE 2. Combined results of NEnS b
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therefore be of interest to review
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wasp was found to parasitize the la
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In line with this thinking, immedia
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aIal 5 ." U) 0 a, U u C 0 4 w rlw r
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WILDLAND WEED
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15 species of introduced insects es
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
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areas include the planthoppers (Del
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 5. SHORT-TER
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We in the Forest Service are excite
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shrubby Dubautia and numerous hybri
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TABLE 1. Dubautia and Argyroxiphium
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SOME ASPECTS OF A SHELL DISEASE IN
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Induction of Lesions To induce lesi
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lesions. Or they may be part of the
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LITERATURE CITED Akin, D. E., and H
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TABLE 3. Isolation of chitinoclasti
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FOREST BIRD POPULATIONS ON O'AHU Ma
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LEK BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF TWO HOM
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either species) after an encounter
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 3. THE KILAU
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fifteen exot
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One exotic bird not found but previ
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TABLE 1. A list of the birds in the
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TABLE 2. Densities (birds/4O ha) of
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FIGURE 1. A map showing the locatio
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FIGURE 3. A map showinq native fore
Page 79 and 80: Several patterns in avian distribut
Page 81 and 82: LITERATURE CITED Eden, J. T. 1971.
Page 83 and 84: TABLE 1--Continued . Scientific Nam
Page 85 and 86: The objective of this paper is to a
Page 87 and 88: Selective field hybridizations yiel
Page 89 and 90: Corn, C. A. 1979. Variation in Hawa
Page 91 and 92: POLY MORPHA ---- NO SEED - SEED PRO
Page 93 and 94: THE RARE AND THREATENED PLANTS IN T
Page 95 and 96: open ideas for consideration and to
Page 97 and 98: Presence-absence trait analysis fur
Page 99 and 100: small clearings of soil-humus depos
Page 101 and 102: LITERATURE CITED Barrau, J. 1961. S
Page 103 and 104: WIDTH OF LARGEST WALL (cm) TOTAL AR
Page 105 and 106: ESTABLISHMENT OF SOME RECENT IMMIGR
Page 107 and 108: An egg parasite*, Trissolcus sp., w
Page 109 and 110: caterpillars were found on young nu
Page 111 and 112: 'IRBLE 1. Sunnnq of sm recent imniq
Page 113 and 114: can be expected to provide will be
Page 115 and 116: Dombois 1977). Of course the trees
Page 117 and 118: We see from the two figures that in
Page 119 and 120: Ole HEALTHY, h FIGURE 1. Probabilit
Page 121 and 122: EVALUATION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR H
Page 123 and 124: in the vial cap and was immersed in
Page 125 and 126: usually requiring only a few minute
Page 127 and 128: FACTORS CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTIO
Page 129: With respect to the distribution of
Page 133 and 134: mites are parasitic forms which hav
Page 135 and 136: LITERATURE CITED Atyeo, W. T., and
Page 137 and 138: TABLE 2. Feather mites recovered £
Page 140 and 141: Hirstionyssidae Rhinonyssidae (Rode
Page 142 and 143: STUDY SITE The ahupua'a of Manuka,
Page 144 and 145: DISCUSSION The trend of increasing
Page 146 and 147: litter habitats at lower and higher
Page 148 and 149: plant species diversity. The more d
Page 150 and 151: vegetational situation, and habitat
Page 152 and 153: TABLE 1. mmber of families encounte
Page 154 and 155: KEY: Nmhr of families colleded fran
Page 157 and 158: HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
Page 159 and 160: Isopterygium Plagiothecium cavifoli
Page 161 and 162: TABLE 1. Phytogeographic relationsh
Page 163 and 164: In Hawai'i rain water percolates ra
Page 165 and 166: Most continental troglobites are co
Page 167 and 168: (5) Caves are fragile ecosystems an
Page 169 and 170: the current onslaught. It is true t
Page 171 and 172: Maciolek, J. A., and R. E. Brock. 1
Page 173 and 174: In the fallowing paper, a quick sum
Page 175 and 176: have been identified which include,
Page 177 and 178: LLTERATURE CITED Htmda, N., and J.
Page 179 and 180: TABLE 2. Cmpnents for the tree laye
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TABLE 4. Example of a vegetation ty
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ETGLTRE 2. Location of the U. S. Fi
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The sweet potato is unique in that
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tempting to suggest that the introd
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LITERATURE CITED Brand, D. D. 1971.
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DEDICATION ADDRESS FOR HAWAII FIELD
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I want to say that I strongly disag
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We will see how far these ideas get
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While the $28,000 would not even bu
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By no means, however, do I imply th
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Due primarily to lack of personnel
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National Park Service. 1969. Dark-r
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 7. IMPACT OF
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Management Techniques The first clu
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!IWLE 1. Summary of production at 6
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PART A: Shipnan Strain Geese (14 Ge
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WLE 4. Gn5 restoration project reco
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HUMAN PERCEPTION OF THE HAWAIIAN EN
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public opinion concerning the issue
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(Question) Variables No Bsponse TAB
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(Question) Variables 10 11 12 13 14
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This is a survey to find out how th
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THE SEPTEMBER 1977 ERUPTION OF KILA
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General Conclusions 1. Zonal (or co
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- )RIGIN - TeC - TeL - TrP - 11.000
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A SOIL FUNGUS SET I B C ZONES SET2
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The high tree species diversity of
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It is probable that ecological gene
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THE ROLE OF THE HAWAIIAN TWO-LINED
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HABITAT UTILIZATION AND NICHE COMPO
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Hawaii Field Research Center. The p
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It is understandable that there is
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To accomplish the objectives of the
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FIGURE 1. Map of the island of Hawa
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METHODS Old mamane seed pods were c
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Seedling survival Seedling survival
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TABLE 1. Comparisons of percent see
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254 Figure 2--Cumulative number of
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COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES AND THE S
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In a ten-minute paper like today's,
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ut are now growing in a normal upri
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Table 1--Grafting trials of Acacia
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Table 3--Treatments applied to Acac
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Table 5--Clonal variation in rootin
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with the major distribution being i
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as size classes (height and diamete
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there were more available microhabi
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CONCLUSIONS The Devastation Study A
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TABLE 1. Habitat 5. Structure and v
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VBLC 3. Witat 5. Wantitative charac
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HABITAT PROFILE - NOS. 1.2,4,5,6 OF
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARKCRATER DISTR
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LITERATURE CITED Bryan, W. A. 1915.
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climates experience alternating per
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correlated with the amount and phys
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
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LITERATURE CITED Degener, 0. 1930.
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TABLE 2. Potentially aggressive wee
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- Rubus rosaefolius Sn. 2 !l%e thim
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Land availability is necessary to a
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Conf irmatlon of existing informati
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A NECROPSY PROCEDURE FOR SAMPLING D
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Division, P. 0. Bos 243, Cockeysvil
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Instructions RESULTS The following
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I. External Analysis (Examine bird
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PART I1 (1) Face, legs, or feet: le
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(14) Feather, follicle, or skin par
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Examine a wet smear of intestinal c
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SUMMARY More work needs to be done
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TABLE 1. Summary of diseases in avi
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TABIE l--Continued '. Disease Patho
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TABLE 1--Continued '. Disease Patho
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' Information not our own is £ran
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the bare-root system have failed. K
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Results of the efforts on the first
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Areas for these vegetation communit
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FIGURE 1. Courses of the topographi
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2500 mm ---+ MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITAT
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FOREST BIRD POPULATION VARIATION AS
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SPP . r Pelea sp., and Vaccinium ca
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PREHISTORIC HAWAIIAN BIRDS * Alan C
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List of Participants (Continued) De
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List of Participants (Continued) Ca
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June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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