June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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ACID RAIN IN HAWAI 'I* John M. Miller, and Alan M. Yoshinaga Mauna Loa Observatory National'Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hilo, Hawaii Precipitation samples have been collected for chemical analysis on the island of Hawai'i since June 1975. Though the number of collection sites varied from 5 to 10, the permanent sites included Kapoho (sea level), Hilo (60 m), Kulani Mauka (2500 m), and Mauna Loa Observatory (3400 m). Samples were collected either on an event basis or every three days depending on the accessibility of the site. The pH and conductivity tests were performed immediately after collection of all samples. Anion analysis was made on selected samples using an ion chromatograph. The results show that pH values in precipitation ranged from 3.7 to 5.5 with an all-island average of 4.5. The acidity of the precipitation increased with elevation from sea level to 3400 m. Analysis in terms of air trajectories and surface winds at the Mauna Loa site indicates the more acidic rains come from the northern quadrant. The effects of the volcano on the acidity will also be discussd. * Abstract
THE SEPTEMBER 1977 ERUPTION OF KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAI'I' Richard B. Moore, Daniel Dzurisin, Gordon P. Eaton, Robert Y. Koyanagi, Peter W. Lipman, John P. Lockwood, Gary S. Puniwai, and Rosalind Tuthill Helz2 The latest eruption of Kilauea Volcano began on 13 September 1977, after a 21-month period of quiescence. Harmonic tremor in the central east rift zone and rapid deflation of the summit occurred for 22 hours prior to the outbreak of surface activity. The first spatter cones formed along a discontinuous, en echelon, 7-km-long fissure system trending N 70°E between two prehistoric vents, Kalalua and Pu'u Kauka. During the first week, eruptive activity was concentrated at two spatter cones, one near the center and one at the west end of the new fissure. The most voluminous phase of the eruption began late on September 25. An irregular spatter rampart formed along a 500-m segment near the center of the new fissure, but within 24 hours activity became concentrated at the east end of this segment. One flow from the new, breached, 40-m-high cone at this site moved rapidly (up to 300 m/hr) southeast, eventually reaching a point 700 m from the nearest house in the evacuated village of Kalapana. The total volume of material produced during this 19-day eruption is estimated to be 25-50 x 10 m. Samples from active flows and vents indicate that a differentiated tholeiitic basalt was erupted. Plagioclase is the only significant phenocryst, and augite and minor olivine accompany it as microphenocrysts. This mineralogy, although uncommon in Kilauea lavas, is similar to that of the 1955 basalt. Some variation in bulk composition occurred throughout the eruption, but the last basalt produced also appears to be differentiated, suggesting that the magma involved in summit deflation has not erupted. Abstract National Center, U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
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COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES
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PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENTS Apple, Ru
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Gon, Samuel M., 111 ALTITUDINAL EFF
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Stemmermann, Lani HALEAKALA NATIONA
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ROOF RAT DEPREDATIONS ON HIBISCADEL
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Feeding upon seed pods Immature see
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NENE REINTRODUCTION PROGRAM AND RES
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R. C. L. Perkins (1903) also believ
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Although Nene in HAVO pens are expo
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irds have been forced to mate with
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TABLE 1. Individual results of 6nl
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TABLE 2. Combined results of NEnS b
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therefore be of interest to review
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wasp was found to parasitize the la
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In line with this thinking, immedia
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aIal 5 ." U) 0 a, U u C 0 4 w rlw r
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WILDLAND WEED
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15 species of introduced insects es
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
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areas include the planthoppers (Del
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 5. SHORT-TER
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We in the Forest Service are excite
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shrubby Dubautia and numerous hybri
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TABLE 1. Dubautia and Argyroxiphium
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SOME ASPECTS OF A SHELL DISEASE IN
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Induction of Lesions To induce lesi
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lesions. Or they may be part of the
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LITERATURE CITED Akin, D. E., and H
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TABLE 3. Isolation of chitinoclasti
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FOREST BIRD POPULATIONS ON O'AHU Ma
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LEK BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF TWO HOM
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either species) after an encounter
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 3. THE KILAU
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fifteen exot
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One exotic bird not found but previ
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TABLE 1. A list of the birds in the
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TABLE 2. Densities (birds/4O ha) of
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FIGURE 1. A map showing the locatio
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FIGURE 3. A map showinq native fore
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Several patterns in avian distribut
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LITERATURE CITED Eden, J. T. 1971.
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TABLE 1--Continued . Scientific Nam
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The objective of this paper is to a
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Selective field hybridizations yiel
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Corn, C. A. 1979. Variation in Hawa
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POLY MORPHA ---- NO SEED - SEED PRO
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THE RARE AND THREATENED PLANTS IN T
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open ideas for consideration and to
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Presence-absence trait analysis fur
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small clearings of soil-humus depos
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LITERATURE CITED Barrau, J. 1961. S
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WIDTH OF LARGEST WALL (cm) TOTAL AR
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ESTABLISHMENT OF SOME RECENT IMMIGR
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An egg parasite*, Trissolcus sp., w
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caterpillars were found on young nu
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'IRBLE 1. Sunnnq of sm recent imniq
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can be expected to provide will be
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Dombois 1977). Of course the trees
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We see from the two figures that in
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Ole HEALTHY, h FIGURE 1. Probabilit
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EVALUATION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR H
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in the vial cap and was immersed in
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usually requiring only a few minute
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FACTORS CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTIO
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With respect to the distribution of
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native rain forest. However, the se
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mites are parasitic forms which hav
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LITERATURE CITED Atyeo, W. T., and
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TABLE 2. Feather mites recovered £
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Hirstionyssidae Rhinonyssidae (Rode
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STUDY SITE The ahupua'a of Manuka,
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DISCUSSION The trend of increasing
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litter habitats at lower and higher
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plant species diversity. The more d
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vegetational situation, and habitat
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TABLE 1. mmber of families encounte
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KEY: Nmhr of families colleded fran
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Isopterygium Plagiothecium cavifoli
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TABLE 1. Phytogeographic relationsh
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In Hawai'i rain water percolates ra
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Most continental troglobites are co
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(5) Caves are fragile ecosystems an
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the current onslaught. It is true t
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Maciolek, J. A., and R. E. Brock. 1
Page 173 and 174: In the fallowing paper, a quick sum
Page 175 and 176: have been identified which include,
Page 177 and 178: LLTERATURE CITED Htmda, N., and J.
Page 179 and 180: TABLE 2. Cmpnents for the tree laye
Page 181 and 182: TABLE 4. Example of a vegetation ty
Page 183 and 184: ETGLTRE 2. Location of the U. S. Fi
Page 185 and 186: The sweet potato is unique in that
Page 187 and 188: tempting to suggest that the introd
Page 189 and 190: LITERATURE CITED Brand, D. D. 1971.
Page 191 and 192: DEDICATION ADDRESS FOR HAWAII FIELD
Page 193 and 194: I want to say that I strongly disag
Page 195 and 196: We will see how far these ideas get
Page 197 and 198: While the $28,000 would not even bu
Page 199 and 200: By no means, however, do I imply th
Page 201 and 202: Due primarily to lack of personnel
Page 203 and 204: National Park Service. 1969. Dark-r
Page 205 and 206: HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 7. IMPACT OF
Page 207 and 208: Management Techniques The first clu
Page 209 and 210: !IWLE 1. Summary of production at 6
Page 211 and 212: PART A: Shipnan Strain Geese (14 Ge
Page 213 and 214: WLE 4. Gn5 restoration project reco
Page 215 and 216: HUMAN PERCEPTION OF THE HAWAIIAN EN
Page 217 and 218: public opinion concerning the issue
Page 219 and 220: (Question) Variables No Bsponse TAB
Page 221 and 222: (Question) Variables 10 11 12 13 14
Page 223: This is a survey to find out how th
Page 227: General Conclusions 1. Zonal (or co
Page 230 and 231: - )RIGIN - TeC - TeL - TrP - 11.000
Page 232 and 233: A SOIL FUNGUS SET I B C ZONES SET2
Page 234 and 235: The high tree species diversity of
Page 236 and 237: It is probable that ecological gene
Page 238 and 239: THE ROLE OF THE HAWAIIAN TWO-LINED
Page 240 and 241: HABITAT UTILIZATION AND NICHE COMPO
Page 242 and 243: Hawaii Field Research Center. The p
Page 244 and 245: It is understandable that there is
Page 246 and 247: To accomplish the objectives of the
Page 248 and 249: FIGURE 1. Map of the island of Hawa
Page 250 and 251: METHODS Old mamane seed pods were c
Page 252 and 253: Seedling survival Seedling survival
Page 254 and 255: TABLE 1. Comparisons of percent see
Page 256 and 257: 254 Figure 2--Cumulative number of
Page 258 and 259: COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES AND THE S
Page 260 and 261: In a ten-minute paper like today's,
Page 262 and 263: ut are now growing in a normal upri
Page 264 and 265: Table 1--Grafting trials of Acacia
Page 266: Table 3--Treatments applied to Acac
Page 269 and 270: Table 5--Clonal variation in rootin
Page 271 and 272: with the major distribution being i
Page 273 and 274: as size classes (height and diamete
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there were more available microhabi
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CONCLUSIONS The Devastation Study A
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TABLE 1. Habitat 5. Structure and v
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VBLC 3. Witat 5. Wantitative charac
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HABITAT PROFILE - NOS. 1.2,4,5,6 OF
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARKCRATER DISTR
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LITERATURE CITED Bryan, W. A. 1915.
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climates experience alternating per
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correlated with the amount and phys
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LITERATURE CITED Degener, 0. 1930.
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TABLE 2. Potentially aggressive wee
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- Rubus rosaefolius Sn. 2 !l%e thim
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Land availability is necessary to a
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Conf irmatlon of existing informati
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A NECROPSY PROCEDURE FOR SAMPLING D
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Division, P. 0. Bos 243, Cockeysvil
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Instructions RESULTS The following
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I. External Analysis (Examine bird
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PART I1 (1) Face, legs, or feet: le
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(14) Feather, follicle, or skin par
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Examine a wet smear of intestinal c
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SUMMARY More work needs to be done
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TABLE 1. Summary of diseases in avi
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TABIE l--Continued '. Disease Patho
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TABLE 1--Continued '. Disease Patho
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' Information not our own is £ran
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the bare-root system have failed. K
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Results of the efforts on the first
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Areas for these vegetation communit
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FIGURE 1. Courses of the topographi
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2500 mm ---+ MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITAT
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FOREST BIRD POPULATION VARIATION AS
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SPP . r Pelea sp., and Vaccinium ca
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PREHISTORIC HAWAIIAN BIRDS * Alan C
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List of Participants (Continued) De
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List of Participants (Continued) Ca
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June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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