June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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usually recaptured near the pen and returned. Patuxent Nene have not escaped, because they have been tenectomized or tenotomized as youngsters and are consequently unable to fully extend one wing. Their primary feathers do not require clipping. Breeding results at HAVO are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Of 21 nesting attempts since 1974, one was initiated in October, four in November, nine in December, two in January, one in February, and four in March. The one February and two of the March nests represent renest efforts. A total of 77 eggs have been laid in the pens, 56 (73%) of which have hatched. The mean number of eggs laid per female, including renests, is 4.28 (range 2 to 121, while the mean clutch size is 3.67 (range 2 to 6). Of the 56 eggs which have hatched, 21 goslings (37%) have died, almost all within four weeks after hatching. Causes of gosling mortality have been difficult to assess; however, preda- tion cannot be implicated in at least 13 cases where carcasses which showed no wounds were recovered. Disease or nutritional deficiencies may have been involved in some fatalities. Of the 35 goslings which fledged successfully only three are known to have died. As mentioned during the discussion of adult mortality, one juvenile died with its parents inside a pen while its two siblings survived. Another juvenile died of injuries sustained when it flew into the water catchment system at the pen. The third known fatality occurred when a juvenile was struck by a car on Hilina Pali Road at night. Twenty-six of the 32 surviving juveniles have been sighted since November 1977 and the majority of these have been seen very recently. Only two pen-reared birds have not been sighted since July 1977. Most fledglings remain with their parents until the following breeding season when finally they appear to leave the vicinity of the pen and begin wandering. By the time they are one-and-a-half to two years old, pen-reared birds usually reap- pear at or near their natal pen. They may be accompanied by a mate from another pen, or by one or more siblings, or they may be alone. Females have proven to be more faithful than males in returning to the vicinity of their natal pen. Only one individual, a male, has been sighted more than a few kilometers from his natal pen. This bird was accompanying an unbanded female at about 2010 m (6600 ft) elevation near the terminus of Mauna Loa Strip Road. All pen-reared Nene are sexed and banded before fledging, using unique combinations of colored plastic and seri- ally numbered aluminum leg bands. Birds released by HSDFG are banded using plastic leg bands only. One of the problems affecting the early stage of the HAVO propagation-release program has been the lack of mates available to birds produced during the first three years. The problem has been compounded by the great distance between most pens. Conse- quently, the initial broods produced in the pens have been widely separated from other broods and have not had the opportunity to contact previously released birds which would be expected to be found in the vicinity. As a result, independent, pen-reared
irds have been forced to mate with siblings and even captive individuals inside the pens. Three free-living, pen-reared females have returned to pens and mated with captive ganders. Two of these nests resulted in goslings while the eggs failed to hatch in the third nest. One sibling mating occurred in the wild in 1977, resulting in two offspring, but this pair bond dissolved and the female nested with another male in 1978, pro- ducing one fledgling. Ironically, this new male partner is a brother of the female which was hatched in a different pen. Captive stock is rotated annually in the pens so that different localities will be seeded by more than one pair. In any case, sibling pair bonds w i l l prevail for a few more years until fledglings have been produced to provide mates for newly released birds. To obtain information concerning the breeding biology of wild populations in and near HAVO, field work was begun during the 1977-8 breeding season at high elevations--1675 m to 2134 m (5500-7000 ft)--with the objective of locating and monitoring nesting success. Six nests were found between 1860 m and 1980 m (6100 & 6500 ft) elevation in the state Keauhou Nene sanctuary, while five nests were found between 1920 m and 1950 m (6300 & 6400 ft) elevation in the adjacent lands of Kapapala within HAVO. One wild nest was located at 1160 m (3800 ft) elevation near Kilauea Crater. Eight of these nests were active when found and the remaining four had been vacated not long before their discovery. The progress of the active nests was followed for as long as possible, but after the eggs hatched, broods were difficult to locate. Four of six pairs that were known to have produced viable offspring lost one or more of their young within four weeks after hatching. In addition, three pairs were observed with young, but nests were not located. At least 28 pairs were identified which did not breed successfully, although some apparently made nestlng attempts, judglng from the brood patches evident on a few females. Poor nesting results in the wild and in HAVO pens was perhaps partly due to extraordinarily dry weather occurring throughout the breeding season. Additional research is being conducted on breeding biology, food habits, habitat utilization, behavior, population dynamics, and inimical factors of wild and captive Nene in conjunction with Park breeding-release programs. The objectives of this research are to contribute to the restoration of viable, wild populations of Nene and to explore the biology of this unique species of goose.
Page 1 and 2: COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES
Page 3 and 4: PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENTS Apple, Ru
Page 5 and 6: Gon, Samuel M., 111 ALTITUDINAL EFF
Page 7 and 8: Stemmermann, Lani HALEAKALA NATIONA
Page 9 and 10: ROOF RAT DEPREDATIONS ON HIBISCADEL
Page 11 and 12: Feeding upon seed pods Immature see
Page 13 and 14: NENE REINTRODUCTION PROGRAM AND RES
Page 15 and 16: R. C. L. Perkins (1903) also believ
Page 17: Although Nene in HAVO pens are expo
Page 21 and 22: TABLE 1. Individual results of 6nl
Page 23 and 24: TABLE 2. Combined results of NEnS b
Page 25 and 26: therefore be of interest to review
Page 27 and 28: wasp was found to parasitize the la
Page 29 and 30: In line with this thinking, immedia
Page 31 and 32: aIal 5 ." U) 0 a, U u C 0 4 w rlw r
Page 33 and 34: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WILDLAND WEED
Page 35 and 36: 15 species of introduced insects es
Page 37 and 38: HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
Page 39 and 40: areas include the planthoppers (Del
Page 41 and 42: HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 5. SHORT-TER
Page 43 and 44: We in the Forest Service are excite
Page 45 and 46: shrubby Dubautia and numerous hybri
Page 47 and 48: TABLE 1. Dubautia and Argyroxiphium
Page 49 and 50: SOME ASPECTS OF A SHELL DISEASE IN
Page 51 and 52: Induction of Lesions To induce lesi
Page 53 and 54: lesions. Or they may be part of the
Page 55 and 56: LITERATURE CITED Akin, D. E., and H
Page 57 and 58: TABLE 3. Isolation of chitinoclasti
Page 59 and 60: FOREST BIRD POPULATIONS ON O'AHU Ma
Page 61 and 62: LEK BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF TWO HOM
Page 63 and 64: either species) after an encounter
Page 65 and 66: HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 3. THE KILAU
Page 67 and 68: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fifteen exot
Page 69 and 70:
One exotic bird not found but previ
Page 71 and 72:
TABLE 1. A list of the birds in the
Page 73 and 74:
TABLE 2. Densities (birds/4O ha) of
Page 75 and 76:
FIGURE 1. A map showing the locatio
Page 77 and 78:
FIGURE 3. A map showinq native fore
Page 79 and 80:
Several patterns in avian distribut
Page 81 and 82:
LITERATURE CITED Eden, J. T. 1971.
Page 83 and 84:
TABLE 1--Continued . Scientific Nam
Page 85 and 86:
The objective of this paper is to a
Page 87 and 88:
Selective field hybridizations yiel
Page 89 and 90:
Corn, C. A. 1979. Variation in Hawa
Page 91 and 92:
POLY MORPHA ---- NO SEED - SEED PRO
Page 93 and 94:
THE RARE AND THREATENED PLANTS IN T
Page 95 and 96:
open ideas for consideration and to
Page 97 and 98:
Presence-absence trait analysis fur
Page 99 and 100:
small clearings of soil-humus depos
Page 101 and 102:
LITERATURE CITED Barrau, J. 1961. S
Page 103 and 104:
WIDTH OF LARGEST WALL (cm) TOTAL AR
Page 105 and 106:
ESTABLISHMENT OF SOME RECENT IMMIGR
Page 107 and 108:
An egg parasite*, Trissolcus sp., w
Page 109 and 110:
caterpillars were found on young nu
Page 111 and 112:
'IRBLE 1. Sunnnq of sm recent imniq
Page 113 and 114:
can be expected to provide will be
Page 115 and 116:
Dombois 1977). Of course the trees
Page 117 and 118:
We see from the two figures that in
Page 119 and 120:
Ole HEALTHY, h FIGURE 1. Probabilit
Page 121 and 122:
EVALUATION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR H
Page 123 and 124:
in the vial cap and was immersed in
Page 125 and 126:
usually requiring only a few minute
Page 127 and 128:
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTIO
Page 129 and 130:
With respect to the distribution of
Page 131 and 132:
native rain forest. However, the se
Page 133 and 134:
mites are parasitic forms which hav
Page 135 and 136:
LITERATURE CITED Atyeo, W. T., and
Page 137 and 138:
TABLE 2. Feather mites recovered £
Page 140 and 141:
Hirstionyssidae Rhinonyssidae (Rode
Page 142 and 143:
STUDY SITE The ahupua'a of Manuka,
Page 144 and 145:
DISCUSSION The trend of increasing
Page 146 and 147:
litter habitats at lower and higher
Page 148 and 149:
plant species diversity. The more d
Page 150 and 151:
vegetational situation, and habitat
Page 152 and 153:
TABLE 1. mmber of families encounte
Page 154 and 155:
KEY: Nmhr of families colleded fran
Page 157 and 158:
HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
Page 159 and 160:
Isopterygium Plagiothecium cavifoli
Page 161 and 162:
TABLE 1. Phytogeographic relationsh
Page 163 and 164:
In Hawai'i rain water percolates ra
Page 165 and 166:
Most continental troglobites are co
Page 167 and 168:
(5) Caves are fragile ecosystems an
Page 169 and 170:
the current onslaught. It is true t
Page 171 and 172:
Maciolek, J. A., and R. E. Brock. 1
Page 173 and 174:
In the fallowing paper, a quick sum
Page 175 and 176:
have been identified which include,
Page 177 and 178:
LLTERATURE CITED Htmda, N., and J.
Page 179 and 180:
TABLE 2. Cmpnents for the tree laye
Page 181 and 182:
TABLE 4. Example of a vegetation ty
Page 183 and 184:
ETGLTRE 2. Location of the U. S. Fi
Page 185 and 186:
The sweet potato is unique in that
Page 187 and 188:
tempting to suggest that the introd
Page 189 and 190:
LITERATURE CITED Brand, D. D. 1971.
Page 191 and 192:
DEDICATION ADDRESS FOR HAWAII FIELD
Page 193 and 194:
I want to say that I strongly disag
Page 195 and 196:
We will see how far these ideas get
Page 197 and 198:
While the $28,000 would not even bu
Page 199 and 200:
By no means, however, do I imply th
Page 201 and 202:
Due primarily to lack of personnel
Page 203 and 204:
National Park Service. 1969. Dark-r
Page 205 and 206:
HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 7. IMPACT OF
Page 207 and 208:
Management Techniques The first clu
Page 209 and 210:
!IWLE 1. Summary of production at 6
Page 211 and 212:
PART A: Shipnan Strain Geese (14 Ge
Page 213 and 214:
WLE 4. Gn5 restoration project reco
Page 215 and 216:
HUMAN PERCEPTION OF THE HAWAIIAN EN
Page 217 and 218:
public opinion concerning the issue
Page 219 and 220:
(Question) Variables No Bsponse TAB
Page 221 and 222:
(Question) Variables 10 11 12 13 14
Page 223 and 224:
This is a survey to find out how th
Page 225 and 226:
THE SEPTEMBER 1977 ERUPTION OF KILA
Page 227:
General Conclusions 1. Zonal (or co
Page 230 and 231:
- )RIGIN - TeC - TeL - TrP - 11.000
Page 232 and 233:
A SOIL FUNGUS SET I B C ZONES SET2
Page 234 and 235:
The high tree species diversity of
Page 236 and 237:
It is probable that ecological gene
Page 238 and 239:
THE ROLE OF THE HAWAIIAN TWO-LINED
Page 240 and 241:
HABITAT UTILIZATION AND NICHE COMPO
Page 242 and 243:
Hawaii Field Research Center. The p
Page 244 and 245:
It is understandable that there is
Page 246 and 247:
To accomplish the objectives of the
Page 248 and 249:
FIGURE 1. Map of the island of Hawa
Page 250 and 251:
METHODS Old mamane seed pods were c
Page 252 and 253:
Seedling survival Seedling survival
Page 254 and 255:
TABLE 1. Comparisons of percent see
Page 256 and 257:
254 Figure 2--Cumulative number of
Page 258 and 259:
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES AND THE S
Page 260 and 261:
In a ten-minute paper like today's,
Page 262 and 263:
ut are now growing in a normal upri
Page 264 and 265:
Table 1--Grafting trials of Acacia
Page 266:
Table 3--Treatments applied to Acac
Page 269 and 270:
Table 5--Clonal variation in rootin
Page 271 and 272:
with the major distribution being i
Page 273 and 274:
as size classes (height and diamete
Page 275 and 276:
there were more available microhabi
Page 277 and 278:
CONCLUSIONS The Devastation Study A
Page 279 and 280:
TABLE 1. Habitat 5. Structure and v
Page 281 and 282:
VBLC 3. Witat 5. Wantitative charac
Page 283 and 284:
HABITAT PROFILE - NOS. 1.2,4,5,6 OF
Page 285 and 286:
HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARKCRATER DISTR
Page 287 and 288:
LITERATURE CITED Bryan, W. A. 1915.
Page 289 and 290:
climates experience alternating per
Page 291 and 292:
correlated with the amount and phys
Page 293 and 294:
HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
Page 295 and 296:
LITERATURE CITED Degener, 0. 1930.
Page 297 and 298:
TABLE 2. Potentially aggressive wee
Page 299 and 300:
- Rubus rosaefolius Sn. 2 !l%e thim
Page 301 and 302:
Land availability is necessary to a
Page 303 and 304:
Conf irmatlon of existing informati
Page 305 and 306:
A NECROPSY PROCEDURE FOR SAMPLING D
Page 307 and 308:
Division, P. 0. Bos 243, Cockeysvil
Page 309 and 310:
Instructions RESULTS The following
Page 311 and 312:
I. External Analysis (Examine bird
Page 313 and 314:
PART I1 (1) Face, legs, or feet: le
Page 315 and 316:
(14) Feather, follicle, or skin par
Page 317 and 318:
Examine a wet smear of intestinal c
Page 319 and 320:
SUMMARY More work needs to be done
Page 321 and 322:
TABLE 1. Summary of diseases in avi
Page 323 and 324:
TABIE l--Continued '. Disease Patho
Page 325 and 326:
TABLE 1--Continued '. Disease Patho
Page 327:
' Information not our own is £ran
Page 330 and 331:
the bare-root system have failed. K
Page 332 and 333:
Results of the efforts on the first
Page 334 and 335:
Areas for these vegetation communit
Page 336 and 337:
FIGURE 1. Courses of the topographi
Page 339 and 340:
2500 mm ---+ MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITAT
Page 341 and 342:
FOREST BIRD POPULATION VARIATION AS
Page 343 and 344:
SPP . r Pelea sp., and Vaccinium ca
Page 345 and 346:
PREHISTORIC HAWAIIAN BIRDS * Alan C
Page 347 and 348:
List of Participants (Continued) De
Page 349 and 350:
List of Participants (Continued) Ca
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June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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