June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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(7) Keel prominent. A prominent keel is often indicative of a chronic disease; however, since it is also a secondary manifestation of many disorders, look for other symptoms. (8) Vent soiled; diarrhea. A soiled vent indicates diarrhea, a symptom of many dis-. eases. Look for other disorders and be especially careful to examine the digestive tract. (9) Feathers: dry, easily broken, or absent; follicles infected . Examine feathers under a microscope for ectoparasites; preserve in 70% alcohol. The entire feather may be placed in alcohol rather than removing the parasite. Follicles and inner shaft should be examined for mites. If the skin is dry, or scaley and powdery, preserve a section in 10% formalin. (10) Skin: dermatitis, ulceration, swelling; uropygial infec ted . Proceed as in #(1). If possible collect parasites and preserve in alcohol. (11) Legs or feet: swollen; enlarged bones; inflammed joints. Using a sterile syringe, collect fluid from joints (in- cluding wing joint), and smear for gram stain. Place a portion (or a swab) into a bacteria medium and either freeze (-60°C) the remaining exudate or place in viral transport medium. Preserve some infected tissue by freezing and the rest in 10% formalin. (12) Missing appendages. If appendages are missing consider the bird's history in terms of trauma (e.g., freezing) or past viral (e.g., Pox) infec- tions. Be sure to include this in the history of the bird. (13) Muscles: lesions; discolored; hemorrhage. If nodules are obvious on pectorals, open one and examine for nematode larvae or mites; preserve in 70% alcohol. Smear necrotic lesions and prepare for a gram stain. If exudate is present (e.g., blood) prepare a swab and place in a bacteria medium . Fix infected tissue in 10% formalin. This is often a secondary symptom so be careful to look for other indications of disease.
(14) Feather, follicle, or skin parasites. Examine the internal surface of the skin for mites; if present preserve in alcohol. Proceed as outlined in #(9). (15) Mouth, pharynx, esophagus: lesions; nodules; cheesy masses. Crop: lining thickened; contents sour. Lesions in the mouth should be smeared for gram stain or preserved in 10% formalin. If cheesy, culture on a mycotic medium for shipment. A wet smear may reveal protozoa (especially if crop lining is thickened); proceed as outlined in #(29). Pre- serve crop contents and tissue in formalin. Fix and preserve any helminths. (16) Trachea: lesions; nodules; exudate. Freeze or swab exudate and place in viral transport medium. Prepare an exudate for gram stain. Preserve lesions and tracheal tissue in 10% formalin and on dry ice. The entire length of the trachea should be examined for nematodes; fix and preserve. (17) Brain: lesions; nodules; discolored; hemorrhage. Swab tissue and place in bacteria medium. Make two impression smears (one fixed for gram stain and one for Giemsa). Divide the remaining brain tissue in half; freeze part and place the rest in 10% formalin. Collect a sample of body fat; freeze. (18) Air sacs: lesions; nodules; exudate. Make a tissue smear for gram stain and search tissue for mites. Prepare diseased tissue by freezing and in 10% formalin. Also freeze (even though they may appear normal) sinus tissue, trachea, lungs, and cloaca. (19) Abdomen: lesions; nodules; exudate. Lesions or exudate in the abdomen should be smeared for gram stain. If the lesions are nodular, examine for mites or nematode larvae; fix and preserve. The remaining diseased tissue should be place in 10% formalin. (20) Pericardium: exudate; inflammed; discolored; hemorrhage. Prepare two smears (for gram stain and Giemsa) from exudate. Preserve the remaining tissue in 10% formalin. Since this is often a secondary symptom, samples of tissue from the kidney, bone marrow, bursa of Fabricius, lungs, liver, spleen, and brain should be routinely collected.
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COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES
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PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENTS Apple, Ru
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Gon, Samuel M., 111 ALTITUDINAL EFF
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Stemmermann, Lani HALEAKALA NATIONA
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ROOF RAT DEPREDATIONS ON HIBISCADEL
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Feeding upon seed pods Immature see
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NENE REINTRODUCTION PROGRAM AND RES
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R. C. L. Perkins (1903) also believ
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Although Nene in HAVO pens are expo
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irds have been forced to mate with
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TABLE 1. Individual results of 6nl
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TABLE 2. Combined results of NEnS b
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therefore be of interest to review
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wasp was found to parasitize the la
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In line with this thinking, immedia
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aIal 5 ." U) 0 a, U u C 0 4 w rlw r
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WILDLAND WEED
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15 species of introduced insects es
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
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areas include the planthoppers (Del
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 5. SHORT-TER
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We in the Forest Service are excite
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shrubby Dubautia and numerous hybri
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TABLE 1. Dubautia and Argyroxiphium
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SOME ASPECTS OF A SHELL DISEASE IN
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Induction of Lesions To induce lesi
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lesions. Or they may be part of the
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LITERATURE CITED Akin, D. E., and H
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TABLE 3. Isolation of chitinoclasti
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FOREST BIRD POPULATIONS ON O'AHU Ma
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LEK BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF TWO HOM
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either species) after an encounter
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 3. THE KILAU
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fifteen exot
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One exotic bird not found but previ
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TABLE 1. A list of the birds in the
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TABLE 2. Densities (birds/4O ha) of
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FIGURE 1. A map showing the locatio
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FIGURE 3. A map showinq native fore
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Several patterns in avian distribut
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LITERATURE CITED Eden, J. T. 1971.
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TABLE 1--Continued . Scientific Nam
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The objective of this paper is to a
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Selective field hybridizations yiel
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Corn, C. A. 1979. Variation in Hawa
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POLY MORPHA ---- NO SEED - SEED PRO
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THE RARE AND THREATENED PLANTS IN T
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open ideas for consideration and to
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Presence-absence trait analysis fur
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small clearings of soil-humus depos
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LITERATURE CITED Barrau, J. 1961. S
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WIDTH OF LARGEST WALL (cm) TOTAL AR
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ESTABLISHMENT OF SOME RECENT IMMIGR
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An egg parasite*, Trissolcus sp., w
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caterpillars were found on young nu
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'IRBLE 1. Sunnnq of sm recent imniq
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can be expected to provide will be
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Dombois 1977). Of course the trees
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We see from the two figures that in
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Ole HEALTHY, h FIGURE 1. Probabilit
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EVALUATION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR H
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in the vial cap and was immersed in
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usually requiring only a few minute
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FACTORS CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTIO
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With respect to the distribution of
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native rain forest. However, the se
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mites are parasitic forms which hav
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LITERATURE CITED Atyeo, W. T., and
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TABLE 2. Feather mites recovered £
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Hirstionyssidae Rhinonyssidae (Rode
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STUDY SITE The ahupua'a of Manuka,
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DISCUSSION The trend of increasing
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litter habitats at lower and higher
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plant species diversity. The more d
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vegetational situation, and habitat
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TABLE 1. mmber of families encounte
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KEY: Nmhr of families colleded fran
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
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Isopterygium Plagiothecium cavifoli
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TABLE 1. Phytogeographic relationsh
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In Hawai'i rain water percolates ra
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Most continental troglobites are co
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(5) Caves are fragile ecosystems an
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the current onslaught. It is true t
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Maciolek, J. A., and R. E. Brock. 1
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In the fallowing paper, a quick sum
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have been identified which include,
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LLTERATURE CITED Htmda, N., and J.
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TABLE 2. Cmpnents for the tree laye
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TABLE 4. Example of a vegetation ty
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ETGLTRE 2. Location of the U. S. Fi
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The sweet potato is unique in that
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tempting to suggest that the introd
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LITERATURE CITED Brand, D. D. 1971.
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DEDICATION ADDRESS FOR HAWAII FIELD
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I want to say that I strongly disag
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We will see how far these ideas get
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While the $28,000 would not even bu
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By no means, however, do I imply th
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Due primarily to lack of personnel
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National Park Service. 1969. Dark-r
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 7. IMPACT OF
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Management Techniques The first clu
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!IWLE 1. Summary of production at 6
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PART A: Shipnan Strain Geese (14 Ge
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WLE 4. Gn5 restoration project reco
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HUMAN PERCEPTION OF THE HAWAIIAN EN
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public opinion concerning the issue
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(Question) Variables No Bsponse TAB
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(Question) Variables 10 11 12 13 14
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This is a survey to find out how th
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THE SEPTEMBER 1977 ERUPTION OF KILA
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General Conclusions 1. Zonal (or co
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- )RIGIN - TeC - TeL - TrP - 11.000
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A SOIL FUNGUS SET I B C ZONES SET2
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The high tree species diversity of
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It is probable that ecological gene
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THE ROLE OF THE HAWAIIAN TWO-LINED
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HABITAT UTILIZATION AND NICHE COMPO
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Hawaii Field Research Center. The p
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It is understandable that there is
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To accomplish the objectives of the
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FIGURE 1. Map of the island of Hawa
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METHODS Old mamane seed pods were c
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Seedling survival Seedling survival
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TABLE 1. Comparisons of percent see
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254 Figure 2--Cumulative number of
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COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES AND THE S
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In a ten-minute paper like today's,
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ut are now growing in a normal upri
Page 264 and 265: Table 1--Grafting trials of Acacia
Page 266: Table 3--Treatments applied to Acac
Page 269 and 270: Table 5--Clonal variation in rootin
Page 271 and 272: with the major distribution being i
Page 273 and 274: as size classes (height and diamete
Page 275 and 276: there were more available microhabi
Page 277 and 278: CONCLUSIONS The Devastation Study A
Page 279 and 280: TABLE 1. Habitat 5. Structure and v
Page 281 and 282: VBLC 3. Witat 5. Wantitative charac
Page 283 and 284: HABITAT PROFILE - NOS. 1.2,4,5,6 OF
Page 285 and 286: HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARKCRATER DISTR
Page 287 and 288: LITERATURE CITED Bryan, W. A. 1915.
Page 289 and 290: climates experience alternating per
Page 291 and 292: correlated with the amount and phys
Page 293 and 294: HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
Page 295 and 296: LITERATURE CITED Degener, 0. 1930.
Page 297 and 298: TABLE 2. Potentially aggressive wee
Page 299 and 300: - Rubus rosaefolius Sn. 2 !l%e thim
Page 301 and 302: Land availability is necessary to a
Page 303 and 304: Conf irmatlon of existing informati
Page 305 and 306: A NECROPSY PROCEDURE FOR SAMPLING D
Page 307 and 308: Division, P. 0. Bos 243, Cockeysvil
Page 309 and 310: Instructions RESULTS The following
Page 311 and 312: I. External Analysis (Examine bird
Page 313: PART I1 (1) Face, legs, or feet: le
Page 317 and 318: Examine a wet smear of intestinal c
Page 319 and 320: SUMMARY More work needs to be done
Page 321 and 322: TABLE 1. Summary of diseases in avi
Page 323 and 324: TABIE l--Continued '. Disease Patho
Page 325 and 326: TABLE 1--Continued '. Disease Patho
Page 327: ' Information not our own is £ran
Page 330 and 331: the bare-root system have failed. K
Page 332 and 333: Results of the efforts on the first
Page 334 and 335: Areas for these vegetation communit
Page 336 and 337: FIGURE 1. Courses of the topographi
Page 339 and 340: 2500 mm ---+ MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITAT
Page 341 and 342: FOREST BIRD POPULATION VARIATION AS
Page 343 and 344: SPP . r Pelea sp., and Vaccinium ca
Page 345 and 346: PREHISTORIC HAWAIIAN BIRDS * Alan C
Page 347 and 348: List of Participants (Continued) De
Page 349 and 350: List of Participants (Continued) Ca
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June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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