June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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VEGETATION OF THE HANA RAIN FOREST HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK Alvin Y. Yoshinaga Department of Botany University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 As part of the Hana Rain Forest Project in 1973, the vegetation of the rain forest zone of the northeastwindward slope of Haleakala was studied. The study area included Kalapawili Ridge from below Wai'anapanapa to 1610 m (5400 ft), and part of the Ko'olau Forest Reserve northeast of Pu'u Alaea. The vegetation consisted of 'ohi'a (Metrosider0.s collina) montane rain forest, with occasional bogs and shrub stands. At bogs, frequency and cover were measured. A t forest sites, the vegetation was sampled separately in three different strata. For trees, densities and basal areas were measured; for saplings and arborescent shrubs, densities and frequencies; for understory, frequencies in 1 m2 quadrats. The data were pro- cessed by computer. Bray and Curtis ordination was used to interpret the relations between the sites, and a clustering program was used to group the sites into sites according to similarity. Data for the tree layer were used to divide the sites into four types, arbitrarily called Types 1-4. Understory data were similarly used to identify four site types, called Types a-d. .~.. . ~ . These were rela-ted to the-site typesfo-r trees; Forall-types, Metrosideros collina was the dominant tree; ~heirodendron trigynum was usually second. Type 1 included the lowest sites, from about 1670 m (5500 ft), near the Park boundary on Kalapawili Ridge. These were poorly drained, with scrubby forest alternating with open bogs. The tree layer consisted mainly of low (ca. 4 m) Metrosideros collina with a few Cheirodendron trigynum and - Ilex a n o m a 1 a . n tree species, though present, seldom reached full tree size. Tree density, basal area, and cover were low compared to the other types. The understory in some spots was transitional to bogs, at other spots it was of the type described below as Type a. Type 2 occurred on better drained uplands, mainly from 1710 m to 2010 m (5600-6600 ft) on Kala~awili Ridse. The tree layer consisted mainiy of 5 m to 9 m tall '~etrosideios collina. Cheirodendron trigynum +- or, less frequently, Ilex anomala were second in density. M rsine lessertiana was lessxndant than at Type 3 sites. The ar orescent shrub layer consisted of Coprosma
SPP . r Pelea sp., and Vaccinium calycinum. Where the tree layer was open, a layer of large bushes consisting . of ~roussaisia arguta, clermontia sp., Labordia sp. , and, in places, Rubus hawallensis was often present. The understory was mainly Type a. At higher elevation sites the understory was transitional to Type Type 3 sites occurred on well drained uplands from 2010 rn to 2070 m (6600-6800 ft) along Kalapawili Ridge, and in most of the Ko'olau sites. The tree layer was 5 m to 8 m tall along Kalapawili Ridge and 8 m to 13 m tall in the Ko'olau Forest Reserve (KFR). The basal areas were generally greater, and the canopies more closed, than in Type 2 sites. Metrosideros collina was the dominant tree, followed by ~heirodenaron trigynum or, less often, Myrsine lessertiana. - Ilex anomala was less abundant than at Type 2 s m o s m a spp., Pelea spp., and Vaccinium calycinum often reached t-. The =story was more open and poorer in species than at Type 2 sites. ~stelia sp., ~lermontia sp., Gouldia terminalis, Labordia sp., and Phyotegia sp. were uncommon or absent. Pteris excelsa, Carex alllgata, and Rubus hawaiiensis were more common than at Type 2 sites. At ~alapawili Ridge Type 3 sites, the understory was generally Type b. At lower KFR Type 3 sites, the understory was ~ y ~ e or~~ype - b d; at upper KFR Sites, Type c. Type 4 included the uppermost sites on Kalapawili Ridge, from 2060 m to 2110 m (6800-6900 ft). The canopy was low, ca. 5 m, and dense. The tree layer consisted of Metrosideros collina with occasional Cheirodendron trigynum. Other tree species occur, but do not reach tree size. Small Metrosideros and Coprosma spp. were particularly abundant in the sapling and arborescent shrub layer. The understory was an open version of Type b. Common to all four types of understory recognized were Athyrium spp. (incl. - A. microphyllum and A. sandwicianum), Dryopteris spp. (incl. - D. labra D. hawaiiensrs, and D. wallichiana), ~ o g l o s s u m hirfum%'E~ wawrae, ~o!ypodiiini pellucidum, Sadleria sp., Unclnia uncinaFa, and Peperomia spp. Type a, usually associated with a Type 1 or Type 2 tree layer, was both the densest and richest in species. Typical of ~ype a sites was high frequencies of Asplenium spp.: Astelia spp., Gouldia terminalis, and Myrsine lessertiana seedlings. Type b, generally associated with a Type 3 tree layer and a more closed canopy, was poorer in species and usually more open than Type 2. Carex alligata and Rubus hawaiiensis were present more often than in Type a. Type c, generally associated with Type 3 tree layer at higher elevation KFR sites, was more open and poorer in species than the other three types. The presence of Pteris excelsa, Carex alligata, and Rubus hawaiiensis was characteristic.
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COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES
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PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENTS Apple, Ru
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Gon, Samuel M., 111 ALTITUDINAL EFF
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Stemmermann, Lani HALEAKALA NATIONA
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ROOF RAT DEPREDATIONS ON HIBISCADEL
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Feeding upon seed pods Immature see
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NENE REINTRODUCTION PROGRAM AND RES
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R. C. L. Perkins (1903) also believ
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Although Nene in HAVO pens are expo
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irds have been forced to mate with
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TABLE 1. Individual results of 6nl
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TABLE 2. Combined results of NEnS b
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therefore be of interest to review
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wasp was found to parasitize the la
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In line with this thinking, immedia
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aIal 5 ." U) 0 a, U u C 0 4 w rlw r
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WILDLAND WEED
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15 species of introduced insects es
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
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areas include the planthoppers (Del
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 5. SHORT-TER
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We in the Forest Service are excite
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shrubby Dubautia and numerous hybri
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TABLE 1. Dubautia and Argyroxiphium
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SOME ASPECTS OF A SHELL DISEASE IN
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Induction of Lesions To induce lesi
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lesions. Or they may be part of the
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LITERATURE CITED Akin, D. E., and H
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TABLE 3. Isolation of chitinoclasti
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FOREST BIRD POPULATIONS ON O'AHU Ma
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LEK BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF TWO HOM
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either species) after an encounter
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 3. THE KILAU
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fifteen exot
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One exotic bird not found but previ
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TABLE 1. A list of the birds in the
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TABLE 2. Densities (birds/4O ha) of
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FIGURE 1. A map showing the locatio
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FIGURE 3. A map showinq native fore
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Several patterns in avian distribut
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LITERATURE CITED Eden, J. T. 1971.
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TABLE 1--Continued . Scientific Nam
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The objective of this paper is to a
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Selective field hybridizations yiel
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Corn, C. A. 1979. Variation in Hawa
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POLY MORPHA ---- NO SEED - SEED PRO
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THE RARE AND THREATENED PLANTS IN T
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open ideas for consideration and to
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Presence-absence trait analysis fur
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small clearings of soil-humus depos
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LITERATURE CITED Barrau, J. 1961. S
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WIDTH OF LARGEST WALL (cm) TOTAL AR
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ESTABLISHMENT OF SOME RECENT IMMIGR
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An egg parasite*, Trissolcus sp., w
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caterpillars were found on young nu
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'IRBLE 1. Sunnnq of sm recent imniq
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can be expected to provide will be
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Dombois 1977). Of course the trees
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We see from the two figures that in
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Ole HEALTHY, h FIGURE 1. Probabilit
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EVALUATION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR H
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in the vial cap and was immersed in
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usually requiring only a few minute
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FACTORS CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTIO
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With respect to the distribution of
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native rain forest. However, the se
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mites are parasitic forms which hav
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LITERATURE CITED Atyeo, W. T., and
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TABLE 2. Feather mites recovered £
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Hirstionyssidae Rhinonyssidae (Rode
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STUDY SITE The ahupua'a of Manuka,
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DISCUSSION The trend of increasing
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litter habitats at lower and higher
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plant species diversity. The more d
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vegetational situation, and habitat
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TABLE 1. mmber of families encounte
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KEY: Nmhr of families colleded fran
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
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Isopterygium Plagiothecium cavifoli
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TABLE 1. Phytogeographic relationsh
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In Hawai'i rain water percolates ra
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Most continental troglobites are co
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(5) Caves are fragile ecosystems an
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the current onslaught. It is true t
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Maciolek, J. A., and R. E. Brock. 1
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In the fallowing paper, a quick sum
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have been identified which include,
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LLTERATURE CITED Htmda, N., and J.
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TABLE 2. Cmpnents for the tree laye
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TABLE 4. Example of a vegetation ty
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ETGLTRE 2. Location of the U. S. Fi
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The sweet potato is unique in that
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tempting to suggest that the introd
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LITERATURE CITED Brand, D. D. 1971.
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DEDICATION ADDRESS FOR HAWAII FIELD
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I want to say that I strongly disag
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We will see how far these ideas get
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While the $28,000 would not even bu
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By no means, however, do I imply th
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Due primarily to lack of personnel
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National Park Service. 1969. Dark-r
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 7. IMPACT OF
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Management Techniques The first clu
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!IWLE 1. Summary of production at 6
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PART A: Shipnan Strain Geese (14 Ge
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WLE 4. Gn5 restoration project reco
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HUMAN PERCEPTION OF THE HAWAIIAN EN
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public opinion concerning the issue
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(Question) Variables No Bsponse TAB
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(Question) Variables 10 11 12 13 14
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This is a survey to find out how th
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THE SEPTEMBER 1977 ERUPTION OF KILA
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General Conclusions 1. Zonal (or co
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- )RIGIN - TeC - TeL - TrP - 11.000
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A SOIL FUNGUS SET I B C ZONES SET2
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The high tree species diversity of
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It is probable that ecological gene
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THE ROLE OF THE HAWAIIAN TWO-LINED
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HABITAT UTILIZATION AND NICHE COMPO
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Hawaii Field Research Center. The p
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It is understandable that there is
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To accomplish the objectives of the
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FIGURE 1. Map of the island of Hawa
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METHODS Old mamane seed pods were c
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Seedling survival Seedling survival
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TABLE 1. Comparisons of percent see
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254 Figure 2--Cumulative number of
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COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES AND THE S
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In a ten-minute paper like today's,
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ut are now growing in a normal upri
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Table 1--Grafting trials of Acacia
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Table 3--Treatments applied to Acac
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Table 5--Clonal variation in rootin
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with the major distribution being i
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as size classes (height and diamete
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there were more available microhabi
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CONCLUSIONS The Devastation Study A
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TABLE 1. Habitat 5. Structure and v
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VBLC 3. Witat 5. Wantitative charac
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HABITAT PROFILE - NOS. 1.2,4,5,6 OF
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARKCRATER DISTR
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LITERATURE CITED Bryan, W. A. 1915.
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climates experience alternating per
Page 291 and 292: correlated with the amount and phys
Page 293 and 294: HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
Page 295 and 296: LITERATURE CITED Degener, 0. 1930.
Page 297 and 298: TABLE 2. Potentially aggressive wee
Page 299 and 300: - Rubus rosaefolius Sn. 2 !l%e thim
Page 301 and 302: Land availability is necessary to a
Page 303 and 304: Conf irmatlon of existing informati
Page 305 and 306: A NECROPSY PROCEDURE FOR SAMPLING D
Page 307 and 308: Division, P. 0. Bos 243, Cockeysvil
Page 309 and 310: Instructions RESULTS The following
Page 311 and 312: I. External Analysis (Examine bird
Page 313 and 314: PART I1 (1) Face, legs, or feet: le
Page 315 and 316: (14) Feather, follicle, or skin par
Page 317 and 318: Examine a wet smear of intestinal c
Page 319 and 320: SUMMARY More work needs to be done
Page 321 and 322: TABLE 1. Summary of diseases in avi
Page 323 and 324: TABIE l--Continued '. Disease Patho
Page 325 and 326: TABLE 1--Continued '. Disease Patho
Page 327: ' Information not our own is £ran
Page 330 and 331: the bare-root system have failed. K
Page 332 and 333: Results of the efforts on the first
Page 334 and 335: Areas for these vegetation communit
Page 336 and 337: FIGURE 1. Courses of the topographi
Page 339 and 340: 2500 mm ---+ MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITAT
Page 341: FOREST BIRD POPULATION VARIATION AS
Page 345 and 346: PREHISTORIC HAWAIIAN BIRDS * Alan C
Page 347 and 348: List of Participants (Continued) De
Page 349 and 350: List of Participants (Continued) Ca
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June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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