June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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Seedling survival Seedling survival was low. Of the 602 seedlings that emerged, only 99 (16%) were still alive 54 weeks after sowing. Was survival affected by sowing depth? By type of seed coat treatment? After looking at my data, I decided I could not answer these questions for the control and hot water treatments because so few seedlings emerged from these. Therefore, I only compared seedling survival between acid and sanded treatments (Table 2). Depth at which seed were sown did not significantly affect end-of-test seedling survival. However, seedling survival was affected by type of seed coat treatment; significantly greater survival was observed for seedlings originating from sanded seed. I examined the relationship between percent survival and week of emergence and found that survival was not dependent on week of emergence. Seedlings that emerged relatively early had just as good a chance of surviving as those that emerged later. Another expression of survival is seedling age--that inter- val between the time a seedling was first seen and the time it was declared dead or the test ended. Analysis showed that seedling age was not significantly affected by week of emergence, seed coat treatment, or sowing depth. One unexpected discovery was that some seedlings tallied as dead suddenly reemerged, one as much as 24 weeks later. Of the 602 seedlings that emerged, 57 exhibited this behavior. Thirteen of these were still alive at the end of the test, thus accounting for about 13% of the surviving seedlings. Seedling height Height-age regression curves were fitted to my data (Fig. 3). Comparisons of the regression coefficients for the acid seed coat treatment showed that growth was significantly greater for seedlings from the 11.4 cm depth than for those from other depths. The same was true for the sanded treatment. Regression curves for the control treatment--3.6, 6.4, and 8.9 cm depths only--were significantly different from each other with seedlings from the 6.4 cm depth growing tallest. The effect of seed coat treatment on seedling height was not clear from my data. The coefficients of determination (r2) for the regressions were low. Obviously, factors other than seedling age, seed coat treatment, and sowing depth were affecting height growth.
About 70% of the seedlings died back either prior to their death or prior to the end of the study. The greatest proportion of seedlings exhibiting dieback (77%) came from the 3.8 cm depth followed in order by the 6.4 cm (71%), 8.9 cm (70%), 11.5 cm (64%), and 1.3 cm depth (47%). DISCUSSION The management implications of these results are clear; direct sowing is not viable regeneration technique on sites simi- lar to the one I used. Maximum emergence was only 54%. Survival was low and height growth slow. Compared to planting of nursery-grown seedlings, direct sowing is not effective for regenerating mamane. About the time the test began, 36 containerized seedlings with an average height of 24 cm were planted in the Wailuku exclosure. Survival was 47% in April 1978 compared to 3% for seedlings from this study. Average height of survivors was 52 cm for the planted seedlings and 31 cm for the others. Planting was clearly the superior regeneration method.
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COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES
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PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENTS Apple, Ru
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Gon, Samuel M., 111 ALTITUDINAL EFF
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Stemmermann, Lani HALEAKALA NATIONA
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ROOF RAT DEPREDATIONS ON HIBISCADEL
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Feeding upon seed pods Immature see
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NENE REINTRODUCTION PROGRAM AND RES
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R. C. L. Perkins (1903) also believ
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Although Nene in HAVO pens are expo
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irds have been forced to mate with
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TABLE 1. Individual results of 6nl
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TABLE 2. Combined results of NEnS b
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therefore be of interest to review
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wasp was found to parasitize the la
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In line with this thinking, immedia
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aIal 5 ." U) 0 a, U u C 0 4 w rlw r
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WILDLAND WEED
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15 species of introduced insects es
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
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areas include the planthoppers (Del
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 5. SHORT-TER
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We in the Forest Service are excite
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shrubby Dubautia and numerous hybri
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TABLE 1. Dubautia and Argyroxiphium
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SOME ASPECTS OF A SHELL DISEASE IN
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Induction of Lesions To induce lesi
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lesions. Or they may be part of the
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LITERATURE CITED Akin, D. E., and H
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TABLE 3. Isolation of chitinoclasti
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FOREST BIRD POPULATIONS ON O'AHU Ma
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LEK BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF TWO HOM
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either species) after an encounter
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 3. THE KILAU
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fifteen exot
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One exotic bird not found but previ
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TABLE 1. A list of the birds in the
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TABLE 2. Densities (birds/4O ha) of
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FIGURE 1. A map showing the locatio
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FIGURE 3. A map showinq native fore
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Several patterns in avian distribut
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LITERATURE CITED Eden, J. T. 1971.
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TABLE 1--Continued . Scientific Nam
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The objective of this paper is to a
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Selective field hybridizations yiel
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Corn, C. A. 1979. Variation in Hawa
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POLY MORPHA ---- NO SEED - SEED PRO
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THE RARE AND THREATENED PLANTS IN T
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open ideas for consideration and to
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Presence-absence trait analysis fur
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small clearings of soil-humus depos
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LITERATURE CITED Barrau, J. 1961. S
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WIDTH OF LARGEST WALL (cm) TOTAL AR
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ESTABLISHMENT OF SOME RECENT IMMIGR
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An egg parasite*, Trissolcus sp., w
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caterpillars were found on young nu
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'IRBLE 1. Sunnnq of sm recent imniq
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can be expected to provide will be
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Dombois 1977). Of course the trees
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We see from the two figures that in
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Ole HEALTHY, h FIGURE 1. Probabilit
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EVALUATION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR H
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in the vial cap and was immersed in
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usually requiring only a few minute
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FACTORS CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTIO
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With respect to the distribution of
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native rain forest. However, the se
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mites are parasitic forms which hav
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LITERATURE CITED Atyeo, W. T., and
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TABLE 2. Feather mites recovered £
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Hirstionyssidae Rhinonyssidae (Rode
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STUDY SITE The ahupua'a of Manuka,
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DISCUSSION The trend of increasing
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litter habitats at lower and higher
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plant species diversity. The more d
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vegetational situation, and habitat
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TABLE 1. mmber of families encounte
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KEY: Nmhr of families colleded fran
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
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Isopterygium Plagiothecium cavifoli
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TABLE 1. Phytogeographic relationsh
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In Hawai'i rain water percolates ra
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Most continental troglobites are co
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(5) Caves are fragile ecosystems an
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the current onslaught. It is true t
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Maciolek, J. A., and R. E. Brock. 1
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In the fallowing paper, a quick sum
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have been identified which include,
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LLTERATURE CITED Htmda, N., and J.
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TABLE 2. Cmpnents for the tree laye
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TABLE 4. Example of a vegetation ty
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ETGLTRE 2. Location of the U. S. Fi
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The sweet potato is unique in that
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tempting to suggest that the introd
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LITERATURE CITED Brand, D. D. 1971.
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DEDICATION ADDRESS FOR HAWAII FIELD
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I want to say that I strongly disag
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We will see how far these ideas get
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While the $28,000 would not even bu
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By no means, however, do I imply th
Page 201 and 202: Due primarily to lack of personnel
Page 203 and 204: National Park Service. 1969. Dark-r
Page 205 and 206: HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 7. IMPACT OF
Page 207 and 208: Management Techniques The first clu
Page 209 and 210: !IWLE 1. Summary of production at 6
Page 211 and 212: PART A: Shipnan Strain Geese (14 Ge
Page 213 and 214: WLE 4. Gn5 restoration project reco
Page 215 and 216: HUMAN PERCEPTION OF THE HAWAIIAN EN
Page 217 and 218: public opinion concerning the issue
Page 219 and 220: (Question) Variables No Bsponse TAB
Page 221 and 222: (Question) Variables 10 11 12 13 14
Page 223 and 224: This is a survey to find out how th
Page 225 and 226: THE SEPTEMBER 1977 ERUPTION OF KILA
Page 227: General Conclusions 1. Zonal (or co
Page 230 and 231: - )RIGIN - TeC - TeL - TrP - 11.000
Page 232 and 233: A SOIL FUNGUS SET I B C ZONES SET2
Page 234 and 235: The high tree species diversity of
Page 236 and 237: It is probable that ecological gene
Page 238 and 239: THE ROLE OF THE HAWAIIAN TWO-LINED
Page 240 and 241: HABITAT UTILIZATION AND NICHE COMPO
Page 242 and 243: Hawaii Field Research Center. The p
Page 244 and 245: It is understandable that there is
Page 246 and 247: To accomplish the objectives of the
Page 248 and 249: FIGURE 1. Map of the island of Hawa
Page 250 and 251: METHODS Old mamane seed pods were c
Page 254 and 255: TABLE 1. Comparisons of percent see
Page 256 and 257: 254 Figure 2--Cumulative number of
Page 258 and 259: COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES AND THE S
Page 260 and 261: In a ten-minute paper like today's,
Page 262 and 263: ut are now growing in a normal upri
Page 264 and 265: Table 1--Grafting trials of Acacia
Page 266: Table 3--Treatments applied to Acac
Page 269 and 270: Table 5--Clonal variation in rootin
Page 271 and 272: with the major distribution being i
Page 273 and 274: as size classes (height and diamete
Page 275 and 276: there were more available microhabi
Page 277 and 278: CONCLUSIONS The Devastation Study A
Page 279 and 280: TABLE 1. Habitat 5. Structure and v
Page 281 and 282: VBLC 3. Witat 5. Wantitative charac
Page 283 and 284: HABITAT PROFILE - NOS. 1.2,4,5,6 OF
Page 285 and 286: HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARKCRATER DISTR
Page 287 and 288: LITERATURE CITED Bryan, W. A. 1915.
Page 289 and 290: climates experience alternating per
Page 291 and 292: correlated with the amount and phys
Page 293 and 294: HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
Page 295 and 296: LITERATURE CITED Degener, 0. 1930.
Page 297 and 298: TABLE 2. Potentially aggressive wee
Page 299 and 300: - Rubus rosaefolius Sn. 2 !l%e thim
Page 301 and 302: Land availability is necessary to a
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Conf irmatlon of existing informati
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A NECROPSY PROCEDURE FOR SAMPLING D
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Division, P. 0. Bos 243, Cockeysvil
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Instructions RESULTS The following
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I. External Analysis (Examine bird
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PART I1 (1) Face, legs, or feet: le
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(14) Feather, follicle, or skin par
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Examine a wet smear of intestinal c
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SUMMARY More work needs to be done
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TABLE 1. Summary of diseases in avi
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TABIE l--Continued '. Disease Patho
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TABLE 1--Continued '. Disease Patho
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' Information not our own is £ran
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the bare-root system have failed. K
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Results of the efforts on the first
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Areas for these vegetation communit
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FIGURE 1. Courses of the topographi
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2500 mm ---+ MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITAT
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FOREST BIRD POPULATION VARIATION AS
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SPP . r Pelea sp., and Vaccinium ca
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PREHISTORIC HAWAIIAN BIRDS * Alan C
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List of Participants (Continued) De
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List of Participants (Continued) Ca
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June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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