June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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THE ACQUISITION OF NATURAL AREAS IN HAWAI'I Kim0 Tabor The Nature Conservancy Honolulu, Hawaii The Nature Conservancy's acquisition policy in Hawai'i has been shaped by several factors. Expert advice from knowledgeable individuals who know Hawai'i's uniqueness in specific areas of biological importance is critical to selection of natural areas, a process which is exceedingly intricate. It is desirable to acquire a piece of property of viable ecological significance after the finanacial and legal tangles are resolved. Acquisition of a general type of system rather than a specific type of biota was the primary consideration in the acquisition of Maulua Nui. Once the preliminary selection was made from some 40 alternatives, a party of three people did a brief field reconnaissance of the property. Steven Montgomery, for many years scientific assistant to the Natural Area Reserve Systems Commission, and James Jacobi, a botanist and student of Dr. D. Mueller-Dombois with wide experience on the island of Hawai'i, provided a quick scientific assessment of the Maulua property during a three-day field trip in early January 1977 (covering a distance of 11 miles, or 18.2 km). The location of Maulua Nui on the slope of Mauna Kea provides a classic Hawaiian ahupua'a land form. It faces northeast against the tradewinds, from sea level to an elevation (at the boundary) 1 mile high on Hawai'i's highest mountain, on the State's largest land mass, the island of Hawai'i. This area is accessible to birds and seeds from the North American Continent given the wind patterns of perceived history. It is an area which has a high rainfall and sunshine ratio thus highly desirable from the high growth rates possible; an attraction also to the forest industry. The mouth of the ahupua'a is a large fault valley 21 miles northeast of Hilo. The emerging valley stream provides an interesting, though disturbed, estuarine area. It is also an area of some local historic interest. Maulua Nui is a unique addition to the inventory of Nature Conservancy lands nationwide. It provided forest habitat for endangered forest birds of the native passerines and the Hawaiian Hawk, or '10.
Land availability is necessary to acquisition. An unwilling seller or an exorbitant price would prevent a transaction from occurring. An additional consideration born from the experience of the Kipahulu, Maui, acquisition of The Nature Conservancy is the desirability of getting firm, total, fee simple title for the monies expended. In this case the title was clearly established by one of the Kingdom of Hawai'i's most astute legal minds. The Nature Conservancy was fortunate in finding an extended family, rapidly changing its priorities, which was anxious to convert their real property into a liquid asset while maintaining the traditional land form of the ahupua'a. Integrating ownership of the ahupua'a with corollary emotional attachments to the family history was a factor also. From this point of view, The Nature Conservancy was the ideal vehicle as economic agricultural lands were not of interest. Continuing revenue and a family memorial Of sorts was created while providing the family with some liquid- ity to assist the changing, and sometimes conflicting, priorities within the extended family. Remoteness of the property and the conservation zoning made the property suitable for one other use--forestry. Forestry provides a slow financial return, an eight-year harvest cycle in the most ambitious forecast, and is one which has extant political and biological problems given the intensive exotic cultivation intended. A general economic slowdown also encouraged a reasonable price. Maintenance of the ecosystem at low cost is a point of debate. The issues are feral pigs and people. Feral pigs are an enormous nuisance to the botanical integrity of an area as they are a biological plow complete with seeder. People from a consumer-oriented expendable economy and their transport systems resemble mechanical plows with not-so-degradable littering systems. While remoteness encourages the pigs, it discourages the people, in a qualified sense. Maintenance costs are therefore subjective and are dependent upon the ultimate use or pressure on the land itself. Problems in acquisition were highly specific occurrences of some generally discussed situations. In the acquisition of Maulua Nui, orchestrating 15 different individuals in three different families through more-or-less uniform sets of legal documents including an Offer to Option, Option, Conservation Easement, Subdivision Applications, waivers for survey, access improvment, and water system; and deeds on the resulting three subdivided parcels (which are subject to reconsolidation) ; the swap of fractional interests between parcels and family members, plus the negotiation for, acquisition of, another parcel used in barter for a major percentage interest in two of the Maulua parcels, directly involved at least 50 people, excluding the 12 attorneys representing their clients. Needless to say scheduled closing was delayed.
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COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES
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PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENTS Apple, Ru
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Gon, Samuel M., 111 ALTITUDINAL EFF
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Stemmermann, Lani HALEAKALA NATIONA
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ROOF RAT DEPREDATIONS ON HIBISCADEL
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Feeding upon seed pods Immature see
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NENE REINTRODUCTION PROGRAM AND RES
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R. C. L. Perkins (1903) also believ
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Although Nene in HAVO pens are expo
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irds have been forced to mate with
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TABLE 1. Individual results of 6nl
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TABLE 2. Combined results of NEnS b
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therefore be of interest to review
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wasp was found to parasitize the la
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In line with this thinking, immedia
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aIal 5 ." U) 0 a, U u C 0 4 w rlw r
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WILDLAND WEED
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15 species of introduced insects es
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
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areas include the planthoppers (Del
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 5. SHORT-TER
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We in the Forest Service are excite
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shrubby Dubautia and numerous hybri
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TABLE 1. Dubautia and Argyroxiphium
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SOME ASPECTS OF A SHELL DISEASE IN
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Induction of Lesions To induce lesi
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lesions. Or they may be part of the
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LITERATURE CITED Akin, D. E., and H
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TABLE 3. Isolation of chitinoclasti
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FOREST BIRD POPULATIONS ON O'AHU Ma
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LEK BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF TWO HOM
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either species) after an encounter
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 3. THE KILAU
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fifteen exot
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One exotic bird not found but previ
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TABLE 1. A list of the birds in the
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TABLE 2. Densities (birds/4O ha) of
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FIGURE 1. A map showing the locatio
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FIGURE 3. A map showinq native fore
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Several patterns in avian distribut
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LITERATURE CITED Eden, J. T. 1971.
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TABLE 1--Continued . Scientific Nam
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The objective of this paper is to a
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Selective field hybridizations yiel
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Corn, C. A. 1979. Variation in Hawa
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POLY MORPHA ---- NO SEED - SEED PRO
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THE RARE AND THREATENED PLANTS IN T
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open ideas for consideration and to
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Presence-absence trait analysis fur
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small clearings of soil-humus depos
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LITERATURE CITED Barrau, J. 1961. S
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WIDTH OF LARGEST WALL (cm) TOTAL AR
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ESTABLISHMENT OF SOME RECENT IMMIGR
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An egg parasite*, Trissolcus sp., w
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caterpillars were found on young nu
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'IRBLE 1. Sunnnq of sm recent imniq
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can be expected to provide will be
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Dombois 1977). Of course the trees
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We see from the two figures that in
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Ole HEALTHY, h FIGURE 1. Probabilit
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EVALUATION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR H
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in the vial cap and was immersed in
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usually requiring only a few minute
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FACTORS CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTIO
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With respect to the distribution of
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native rain forest. However, the se
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mites are parasitic forms which hav
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LITERATURE CITED Atyeo, W. T., and
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TABLE 2. Feather mites recovered £
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Hirstionyssidae Rhinonyssidae (Rode
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STUDY SITE The ahupua'a of Manuka,
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DISCUSSION The trend of increasing
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litter habitats at lower and higher
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plant species diversity. The more d
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vegetational situation, and habitat
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TABLE 1. mmber of families encounte
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KEY: Nmhr of families colleded fran
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HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
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Isopterygium Plagiothecium cavifoli
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TABLE 1. Phytogeographic relationsh
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In Hawai'i rain water percolates ra
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Most continental troglobites are co
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(5) Caves are fragile ecosystems an
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the current onslaught. It is true t
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Maciolek, J. A., and R. E. Brock. 1
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In the fallowing paper, a quick sum
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have been identified which include,
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LLTERATURE CITED Htmda, N., and J.
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TABLE 2. Cmpnents for the tree laye
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TABLE 4. Example of a vegetation ty
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ETGLTRE 2. Location of the U. S. Fi
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The sweet potato is unique in that
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tempting to suggest that the introd
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LITERATURE CITED Brand, D. D. 1971.
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DEDICATION ADDRESS FOR HAWAII FIELD
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I want to say that I strongly disag
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We will see how far these ideas get
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While the $28,000 would not even bu
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By no means, however, do I imply th
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Due primarily to lack of personnel
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National Park Service. 1969. Dark-r
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HAWAII IBP SYNTHESIS : 7. IMPACT OF
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Management Techniques The first clu
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!IWLE 1. Summary of production at 6
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PART A: Shipnan Strain Geese (14 Ge
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WLE 4. Gn5 restoration project reco
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HUMAN PERCEPTION OF THE HAWAIIAN EN
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public opinion concerning the issue
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(Question) Variables No Bsponse TAB
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(Question) Variables 10 11 12 13 14
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This is a survey to find out how th
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THE SEPTEMBER 1977 ERUPTION OF KILA
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General Conclusions 1. Zonal (or co
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- )RIGIN - TeC - TeL - TrP - 11.000
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A SOIL FUNGUS SET I B C ZONES SET2
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The high tree species diversity of
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It is probable that ecological gene
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THE ROLE OF THE HAWAIIAN TWO-LINED
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HABITAT UTILIZATION AND NICHE COMPO
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Hawaii Field Research Center. The p
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It is understandable that there is
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To accomplish the objectives of the
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FIGURE 1. Map of the island of Hawa
Page 250 and 251: METHODS Old mamane seed pods were c
Page 252 and 253: Seedling survival Seedling survival
Page 254 and 255: TABLE 1. Comparisons of percent see
Page 256 and 257: 254 Figure 2--Cumulative number of
Page 258 and 259: COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES AND THE S
Page 260 and 261: In a ten-minute paper like today's,
Page 262 and 263: ut are now growing in a normal upri
Page 264 and 265: Table 1--Grafting trials of Acacia
Page 266: Table 3--Treatments applied to Acac
Page 269 and 270: Table 5--Clonal variation in rootin
Page 271 and 272: with the major distribution being i
Page 273 and 274: as size classes (height and diamete
Page 275 and 276: there were more available microhabi
Page 277 and 278: CONCLUSIONS The Devastation Study A
Page 279 and 280: TABLE 1. Habitat 5. Structure and v
Page 281 and 282: VBLC 3. Witat 5. Wantitative charac
Page 283 and 284: HABITAT PROFILE - NOS. 1.2,4,5,6 OF
Page 285 and 286: HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARKCRATER DISTR
Page 287 and 288: LITERATURE CITED Bryan, W. A. 1915.
Page 289 and 290: climates experience alternating per
Page 291 and 292: correlated with the amount and phys
Page 293 and 294: HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK CRATER DIST
Page 295 and 296: LITERATURE CITED Degener, 0. 1930.
Page 297 and 298: TABLE 2. Potentially aggressive wee
Page 299: - Rubus rosaefolius Sn. 2 !l%e thim
Page 303 and 304: Conf irmatlon of existing informati
Page 305 and 306: A NECROPSY PROCEDURE FOR SAMPLING D
Page 307 and 308: Division, P. 0. Bos 243, Cockeysvil
Page 309 and 310: Instructions RESULTS The following
Page 311 and 312: I. External Analysis (Examine bird
Page 313 and 314: PART I1 (1) Face, legs, or feet: le
Page 315 and 316: (14) Feather, follicle, or skin par
Page 317 and 318: Examine a wet smear of intestinal c
Page 319 and 320: SUMMARY More work needs to be done
Page 321 and 322: TABLE 1. Summary of diseases in avi
Page 323 and 324: TABIE l--Continued '. Disease Patho
Page 325 and 326: TABLE 1--Continued '. Disease Patho
Page 327: ' Information not our own is £ran
Page 330 and 331: the bare-root system have failed. K
Page 332 and 333: Results of the efforts on the first
Page 334 and 335: Areas for these vegetation communit
Page 336 and 337: FIGURE 1. Courses of the topographi
Page 339 and 340: 2500 mm ---+ MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITAT
Page 341 and 342: FOREST BIRD POPULATION VARIATION AS
Page 343 and 344: SPP . r Pelea sp., and Vaccinium ca
Page 345 and 346: PREHISTORIC HAWAIIAN BIRDS * Alan C
Page 347 and 348: List of Participants (Continued) De
Page 349 and 350: List of Participants (Continued) Ca
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June 1 - 3 , 1978 - University of Hawaii at Manoa

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