ofthe SAME TREE

23. Cortesão, Suma Oriental, vol. 1, 144; vol. 2, 241.
24. Teeuw, “Hikayat,” 231.
25. Brown, “Sejarah Melayu,” 36.
26. Cortesão, Suma Oriental, vol. 1, 144.
27. Cortesão, Suma Oriental, vol. 1, 146–8.
28. Cortesão, Suma Oriental, vol. 1, 145–9.
29. Nik Hassan, “Art, Archaeology,” 110; Wolters, Early Indonesian Commerce,
187, 193, 220; Milner, Edwards McKinnon, and Tengku Luckman, “Note on Aru,”18–9;
Tengku Luckman, Sari Sejarah Serdang, 39; Hirosue, “Prophets and Followers,” 40–1.
30. Rice, which was ordinarily scarce in Aceh, was available in great abundance
under Sultan Iskandar Muda. A major source of Aceh’s supply was the east coast polities
of Tamiang, Deli, and Asahan, which he seized in order to gain control of the rice
grown in their hinterlands mainly by Batak. By the mid-seventeenth century, Aceh
was importing about four hundred metric tons of rice from Deli alone. Lombard, Le
Sultanat d’Atjeh, 73; Hirosue, “Port Polities,” 21.
31. Brown translates the passage to read that Sultan Sajak was descended “from
the Rock,” which is totally unreferenced and appears meaningless. In his footnote
he provides the Jawi, which can be read as “daripada Batak,” or “from Batak,” which
makes more sense in the context. See Brown, “Sejarah Melayu,” 112, 239.
32. In 1891, “Malayu” horse traders from the east coast were going to the Karo
highlands and presenting offerings at the tombs of Batak lords. Westenberg, “Aanteekeningen,”
227.
33. Robson, Desawarnana, 33; Pigeaud, Java in the Fourteenth Century, vol. 4, 30.
34. Alves, O Dominio, 157, quoting Castanheda’s phrase, “povoação de pescadores.”
35. Iskandar, Hikajat Atjeh, 31–4.
36. Lombard, Le Sultanat d’Atjeh, 37.
37. Alves, O Dominio, 60, 173–4.
38. Catz, Travels of Mendes Pinto, 54.
39. Drakard, Kingdom of Words.
40. Alves, O Dominio, 165.
41. The above account of Aceh is based principally on Djajadiningrat, “Critisch
overzicht,” 152–3, 157–60, 167, 191–2; and Lombard, Le Sultanat d’Atjeh, 35–8,
69–70.
42. Alves, “Une Ville,” 96. Alves does not give the actual years that Gil was in
Aceh.
43. Alves, “Une Ville,” 102–5, 111 fn 84.
44. Lombard, Le Sultanat d’Atjeh, 32–4; Alves, O Dominio, 159, 171, 176; Alves,
“Princes contre marchands,” 128, 175.
45. Masefield, Travels of Marco Polo, 338.
46. Gibb, Travels of Ibn Battuta, 876–7.
47. Cortesão, Suma Oriental, vol. 1, 143.
48. Djajadiningrat, “Critisch overzicht,” 157, 159–60.
49. “Mughal” is the Indo-Persian form of the word “Mongol.” The conquering
armies that established the so-called Mughal dynasty, however, were not Mongols but
Notes to Pages 114–119
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