ofthe SAME TREE

Hang Tuah: Hikayat Hang Tuah, 10;
Malayu hero, 10
Hikayat Malem Dagang, 140–142, 144
Hikayat Pocut Muhamat, 140, 142–143,
144
Hinduism, 35; co-existence with
Buddhism, 35; Saivite, 34, 161;
temple, 41; Vaisnavite, 28, 29, 34.
See also Brahman
Indrapura, 10
Iskandar Muda of Aceh (1607–1636),
109, 126, 127; in Aceh texts, 109;
and pepper monopoly, 123
Islam: Aceh’s patronage of, 109, 117, 119,
144; civilizations, 79; conversion
in Melaka, 71; features shared
by Pathans, 7; first Sumatran
evidence, 113, 118–119; in
Hikayat Malem Dagang, 140–141;
lactation and kinship, 71, 74–75;
as Malayu identity, 124; Melaka
and Pasai as centers, 15, 71, 141;
in Minangkabau, 89; networks,
128; political legitimacy based
on, 79–80; Sufism, 125–126, 142,
258n7; treatises from Aceh, 10
Jambi: adoption strategy in kinship,
75–76; early Malayu polity in,
19, 52; as Gantoli, 52; heir to
Sriwijaya, 58, 84; intermarriages
with Minangkabau nobility, 85; as
Javanizing polity, 91–93; subject to
Java, 59
Jerai (Gunung, Mt.) or Kedah Peak, 38,
174–175, 224
Jiecha. See Kalah
Johor (-Riau), 108, 137, 139, 141, 143–144
Kalah (also known as Kadaram/Kidaram,
Kataha, Jiecha, Kolo), 30, 37, 39, 40,
47, 57, 174, 193
Kampung Sungai Mas, 37, 38, 39
Kedah, 32, 37, 38, 40, 137, 174
Kedah Peak. See Jerai
Keling, 70, 113, 114
Kertanagara, 84
Khao Sam Kaeo, 24
kinship: by adoption, 75–76, 238;
bilateral, 12, 73; as bond between
ruler and subject, 9; communities
based on, 11–12; by lactation,
73–75, 238; as link between
center and periphery, 12; by
marriage, 73, 85, 200, 206, 225,
228, 231, 238; networks in Melaka,
71; networks in Sriwijaya, 64–67;
Orang Laut, 181, 200. See also
family networks
Kota Cina, 16, 116, 154–155, 156, 162,
170, 268n48; founding of, 152,
153, 267nn32, 33; influence
of Tamil and Chinese in, 152,
159–160, 161
Kra Isthmus, 3, 14, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 37, 38, 40–41, 47–48, 149, 174,
175, 216
Kuala Selinsing, 25, 38, 192, 193, 280n66
kunlun, 51, 247n3
Laguna inscription, 56
Lake Toba, 16
Lamuri, 40, 116, 268n48
Langkasuka, 34, 35, 39
language: hybridity in, 11; as identity
marker, 10–11; as kacukan, 10; use
under colonialism, 11
“leaves of the same tree,” 4, 204, 232
Ligor, 32; inscription, 32, 33, 36, 55, 149
Lin-yi, 34, 43–44
Lobu Tua, 267n32; definition of, 267n29;
inscription, 151, 159–160
Majapahit, 49, 70, 183, 195; attack on
Singapore, 69, 194; invasion of
Pasai, 113–114, 258n22
Malayic languages, 60, 77
Malayo-Polynesian, 20–21, 29
Malayu, 14, 113; Acehnese form of
language, 10; ancestral “origins,”
19–20; as Batak, 115–116, 162,
170–172; culture of, 14, 61; distinct
from Minangkabau, 82–83, 88, 91,
100; ethnonym, 14; as expansive
ethnicity, 11, 88; features of
polity, 67–68; identity, 13, 59–60,
207, 236–237; interaction with
Index 317