ofthe SAME TREE

262
far more similar to the Hikayat Malim Deman and the Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah
Muda. Liaw, Sejarah Kesusasteraan, 115. Braginsky suggests that the model was most
likely the Malfuzat-I Timuri (Autobiography of Timur) by Abu Talib al-Husayni, who
presented it to the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628–58). Braginsky, “Structure,”
446–8.
94. NA, VOC 1143, Atjeh, Daghregister Pieter Sourij, fol. 565v.
95. Azra, Origins of Islamic Reformism, 54–5, 59.
96. Iskandar, Bustanu’s-Salatin, 3.
97. Hooykaas, Over Maleise Literatuur, 173–4.
98. Iskandar, Bustanu’s-Salatin, 5–7.
99. Azra, Origins of Islamic Reformism, 65–8.
100. Liaw, Sejarah Kesusasteraan, 62–7; Azra, Origins of Islamic Reformism,
77–80.
101. Iskandar, Kesusasteraan, 380–7, 418–20.
102. Schrieke attributes many Acehnese practices to influences from the Mughal
court, from palace and garden architecture to names of officials, though he simply
cites a variety of sources without providing any detail. Schrieke, “Penetration of Islam,”
249–53.
103. Winstedt, The Malay Magician.
104. Bulliet, “Shaikh al-Islam,” 53–4, 66–7; Hadi, Islam and State, 148–61.
105. Ito, “World,” 164, 250, 259–60; Nieuwenhuijze, Samsu ‘-Din van Pasai, 360–1;
Azra, Origins of Islamic Reformism, 57–9, passim; Hadi, Islam and State, 148–66.
106. NA, VOC 1144, Atjeh, Daghregister Soury, fols. 668v, passim; Ito, “World,”
42 fn 92.
107. Andaya, “Indian ‘Saudagar Raja.’”
108. Strachan and Penrose, The East India Company Journals, 137; NA, VOC
1157, Atjeh, Relaas De Vlamingh van Oudtshoorn, fol. 546v; NA, VOC 1237, Batavia,
Verbael Bort, fols. 346v, 366v.
109. NA, VOC 1157, Atjeh, Dagregister Arnold ve Vlamingh van Oudtshoorn,
fol. 574r.
110. NA, VOC 1144, Atjeh, Daghregister Soury, fols. 664v–665r–v; NA, VOC
1155, Atjeh, Daghregister De Vlamingh van Outshoorn, fols. 441r, 443r, 445v, passim.
111. Ramli and Tjut Rahma, Adat Aceh, 73–4; Ito, “World,” 287–8; Meilink-
Roelofsz, Asian Trade, ch. 3.
112. Richards, Mughal Empire, 58. For a discussion of the differences in Melaka’s
and Aceh’s principal ministers, see Andaya, “Aceh’s Contribution,” 52–4.
113. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, 64, 99, 101–2.
114. Ramli and Tjut Rahma, Adat Aceh, 99, passim, ch. 4.
115. Ramli and Tjut Rahma, Adat Aceh, ch. 4.
116. NA, VOC 1237, Batavia, Verbael Bort, fol. 340v.
117. NA, VOC 1191, Atjeh, Rapport Truijtman, fols. 751r, 752v.
118. NA, VOC 1241, Westkust Sumatra, Daghregister Groenewegen, fol. 378v.
The royal messengers sent to the rantau from the Pagaruyung court bearing the sacred
Notes to Pages 127–133