Rainfed rice - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Seed generation system in India A three-generation seed multiplication system is followed in India. The flow chart illustrates the procedure of the seed multiplication program. Seed industry in India National Seeds Corporation State Farms Corporation of India State seed corporations – 13 State seed certification agencies –19 Notified seed testing laboratories –63 Private seed companies Future strategies To make available the required quantity of high-quality seed. Create awareness among farmers: • To use high-quality seed and change/replace the seed at least every three to four years. • About various steps/ precautions to be taken for onfarm production of seed with desired quality after initial purchase. Prepared by: R.K. Chowdhury and R. K. Singh Private seed industry Rice Seed Supply in Eastern India There are about 500 big and small private seed companies. Of these, 24 have their own research and development programs. The industry mainly deals with high-value, low-volume seed, i.e., hybrids and vegetable crops. 153
Rainfed Rice Seed Production Systems: Towards a Bigger Role for Farmers T hough globally India ranks first in area under rice cultivation, it ranks seventh in productivity. More than 50% of paddy cultivation is under rainfed conditions. The state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) is one of the largest contributors (14%) to the national rice stock. Approximately 30% of the paddy area (i.e., 1.9 million ha) in UP is cultivated under rainfed conditions and the total seed requirement for this area is estimated at around 0.66 million qts. The seed replacement rate of all the rice varieties in the state is around 12.5%. However, for rainfed conditions, it is less than 8%. The situation in other states of eastern India is worse. Seed requirement Seed is the most important component contributing to increased crop production and productivity. Seeds should be of high genetic character, healthy, free from any disease and pest infestation, pure (without contamination) with good germination and appropriate for local conditions (e.g., resist stress conditions of the area). The use of unidentified and unknown grain as seed may not ensure the required levels of production as it may not suit local conditions. The crop grown from such seed may not use inputs efficiently, and it may not withstand stress conditions. It may also be susceptible to various pests and diseases. The farmer’s own paddy produce may not always be as good as the newly procured certified seed. The farmer’s rice crop may become contaminated and degenerate with time and agroclimatic situations. It is therefore better to change seeds at least every third year, and use appropriate high-yielding varieties. 154 Classification For the production of genetically pure and high-quality seed, four classes of seed are defined. Nucleus seed: This is the original seed in a very small quantity available to the plant breeder and it is used for breeder seed production. Breeder seed: This seed is directly produced and controlled by originating institutions, and its quality is very closely monitored. A committee consisting of representatives of the National Seed Corporation, ICAR, Seed Certification Agency and the breeder takes care to ensure the purity of this class of seed. Foundation seed: This is the direct multiplication of breeder seed and is produced under strict supervision of technical experts. This seed has a high degree of genetic purity. Certified seed: This is a progeny of the foundation seed. This seed maintains sufficient genetic purity of the variety and other standards of seed, which is certified by an appropriate certification agency.
Page 3 and 4:
The International Rice Research Ins
Page 5 and 6:
RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BEST P
Page 7 and 8:
vi Foreword About 45% of the world
Page 9:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
RAINFED RICE A SOURCE BOOK OF BEST
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Utilisation and Management of Natur
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Rice Biodiversity and Genetic Wealt
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
32 RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BES
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Socio-Economic Constraints in Rice
Page 47:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Developing Sustainable Technologies
Page 57 and 58:
Page 62 and 63:
Agro-Ecosystem Analysis for Rainfed
Page 64 and 65:
Agro-Ecosystem Analysis for Rainfed
Page 66 and 67:
Agro-ecosystem analysis Agro-ecosys
Page 68 and 69:
GIS in extrapolation of location-sp
Page 70 and 71:
Rice-growing sub-ecosystems in Sult
Page 72 and 73:
Influence of Agro-Ecosystem Compone
Page 76 and 77:
Principles for Improving and Stabil
Page 78 and 79:
Water management Adopt efficient wa
Page 80 and 81:
Major Cropping Systems and Their Ma
Page 82 and 83:
Major Cropping Systems and Their Ma
Page 84 and 85:
etter in the broadcast and row-seed
Page 86 and 87:
Comparative Analysis of Different C
Page 88 and 89:
Comparative Analysis of Different C
Page 90 and 91:
Flood-prone areas Flood-prone areas
Page 92 and 93:
Boro Rice Cultivation B oro rice cu
Page 94 and 95:
Integration of Boro with DWR When t
Page 96 and 97:
Management of Rice in Flood-Prone A
Page 98 and 99:
Transplant 35-45-day-old seedlings
Page 100 and 101:
Delayed transplanting Seedbed prepa
Page 102 and 103:
Preparing a site Field dikes 1. Pre
Page 104 and 105:
5. Put the feed in hanging trays in
Page 108 and 109:
Crop Establishment Practices in Rai
Page 110 and 111:
11. For medium-duration varieties,
Page 112 and 113: Crop Establishment Practices in Rai
Page 114 and 115: Comparative Analysis of Direct Sowi
Page 116 and 117: Machine transplanting Manual and se
Page 118 and 119: Direct sowing vs transplanting: a c
Page 120 and 121: The beushening process Beushening S
Page 122 and 123: Less cash inputs required Besides n
Page 124 and 125: Tillage Practices and Implements fo
Page 126 and 127: Tillage implements Function Bullock
Page 130 and 131: Improving the Yields of Traditional
Page 132 and 133: Threats to the erosion of tradition
Page 134 and 135: Farmers’ Participatory Plant Bree
Page 136 and 137: Farmers' Participatory Plant Breedi
Page 138 and 139: Farmers’ Participatory Plant Bree
Page 140 and 141: Identification of Donors for Rice B
Page 142 and 143: Rainfed lowlands Varietal needs for
Page 144 and 145: Identification of Donors for Rice B
Page 146 and 147: Varietal Development: Evaluation an
Page 152 and 153: Trends in varietal improvement In t
Page 154: Some small increases can also be ac
Page 159 and 160: RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BEST P
Page 161: RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BEST P
Page 167 and 168: RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOKOF BEST PR
Page 169 and 170: Influence of High-Quality Seeds on
Page 171: RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BEST P
Page 179 and 180: Dealing with Decline in Soil Fertil
Page 189 and 190: Integrated Nutrient Management What
Page 193 and 194: 184 RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BE
Page 197 and 198: Comparative Analysis of Different N
Page 201 and 202: Comparative analysis of different p
Page 203: Comparative analysis of different m
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
206 RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BE
Page 217 and 218:
Indigenous Rainwater Management R a
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBCOK OF BEST P
Page 227 and 228:
Water Saving, Recycling and Sequent
Page 229 and 230:
Page 232:
Weed Management
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Cost Effectiveness of Weed Manageme
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 252 and 253:
Pest Control Alternatives for the R
Page 254 and 255:
Diseases affecting grains Blast Bro
Page 256 and 257:
Pest control in rainfed upland rice
Page 258 and 259:
Pest Control Alternatives for the R
Page 260 and 261:
Gall midge Summer ploughing. Timely
Page 262 and 263:
Disease Management Strategies I n n
Page 264 and 265:
Sheath blight (caused by Rhizoctoni
Page 266 and 267:
Disease Management Strategies Contr
Page 268 and 269:
To know the intensity of the rat po
Page 270 and 271:
Rat Population Dynamics and Managem
Page 272 and 273:
Insecticide Use, Precautions and In
Page 274 and 275:
Insecticide Use, Precautions and in
Page 276 and 277:
First-aid precautions Insecticide U
Page 278 and 279:
hepatic carcinoma; acute liver dama
Page 280 and 281:
Effects of Pesticides on Humans and
Page 282:
Mechanical practices on IPM Hand-pi
Page 286:
Participatory Farming Systems Techn
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 294:
Annexes
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
290 Production staff Editors Nilam
Page 303:
show all

Rainfed rice - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?