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Diseases affecting grains Blast Brown spot False smut Stem rot Sheath rot Diseases affecting entire plant Bacterial leaf blight Rice tungro Ufra Pest Control Alternatives for the Rainfed Rice Ecosystem Symptoms Control measure Grain partially chaffy and brittle or unfilled. Panicles show white appearance (hills and terrain). Dark brown or black oval or oblong spots on the glumes or whole surface of the grain (drought and eroded soil). Grain completely replaced by large spherical yellowish or orange body, which changes to powdery mass later (lowland and deepwater). Whole plant starts rotting from water level up to panicle. Plant is covered with mustard-like bodies which transform into cylindrical rods covered with white mycelium (lowland). Oblong or irregular lesions with brown margins and grey centers, or greyish brown on leaf sheath, especially covering the panicles. The panicles remain within the sheath or only partially emerged. White powdery fungal growth inside the rotten sheath (all ecosystems). Transplanted seedling showing bluish color with incurled central leaf. Plants rot completely, starting from the outer leaves. If these plants are cut and immersed in water, bacterial drops (ooze) appear at the cut ends (all ecosystems). Brownish yellow in colour and severe to mild stunting, reduced tillering (all ecosystems). Ufra nematode affects entire plant, especially panicle (lowland in Assam). Foliar spray with 100 g turmeric powder, 10 g sodium bicarbonate in 10 liters water, 500-800 liters/ha. Apply 60 kg nitrogen/ha. Seed treatment with turmeric powder and sodium bicarbonate, 100 g/kg of seed. Deep ploughing and burning of stubble in the field after harvest. Seed treatment with 100 g turmeric powder + 1 g asafoetida + 10 g sodium bicarbonate. Foliar spray with 2 kg fresh cowdung in 10 liters water. Soil application of 20 kg neem cake or foliar application of 1% neem oil spray or spray asofoetida + sodium bicarbonate. Turmeric powder spray and soil application, 20 kg neem cake/ha in deepwater conditions. Grow field-tolerant varieties such as Bazal 165 and several Rayada cultivars. 245
RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BEST PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES IN EAST-ERN INDIA 246 Turmeric treatment for seed-borne diseases Turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) has long been used as a germicidal ingredient. The powder of the dried rhizome of turmeric is an effective fungicide used as a systemic seed dresser. Turmeric belongs to the family Zinziberaceae. It grows well under diverse agro-climatic conditions in wastelands, drought-prone areas, and garden or orchard shade. Once the rhizomes are planted, they grow year after year. Besides the essential oil, turmeric powder also contains other chemicals such as 0.6% difeluroloyl methane, C 21 H 20 O 6 and sesquiterpenes, of which C 13 H 2 O is the main active ingredient. When a small quantity of sodium bicarbonate is added to turmeric powder, the ingredient easily enters the seed and plant system, making it more potent to the fungal and bacterial population. Farmers can safely use turmeric powder as a fungicide and bactericide as it is non-hazardous, cheap and ecologically friendly. For treating 10 kg paddy seed, dress it with 100 g turmeric powder and 10 g sodium bicarbonate. A pinch of asafoetida (not more than 1 g) will make it more effective as a foliar spray. Neem - a farmer's friend Neem ( Azadiracta indica ) is commonly found in all parts of India as it grows on all types of soil. All parts of this tree have valuable properties. Neem cake works as a fertiliser as it increases nitrogen recovery from 28% to 47%. Neem-coated urea is well known for its slow release of nitrogen to the crop. Neem is effective as an antifeedant, growth retarder, repellent and toxicant. In rice, neem oil, neem seed, kernel extract and neem cake extract control brown planthopper, green leafhopper, leaffolder and gall midge. It is also used to treat seeds at 1 g/kg of seed, and to check storage pests. Neem tree parts and pesticides from neem
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The International Rice Research Ins
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RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BEST P
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vi Foreword About 45% of the world
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RAINFED RICE A SOURCE BOOK OF BEST
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Utilisation and Management of Natur
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Rice Biodiversity and Genetic Wealt
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32 RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BES
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Socio-Economic Constraints in Rice
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Developing Sustainable Technologies
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Agro-Ecosystem Analysis for Rainfed
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Agro-Ecosystem Analysis for Rainfed
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Agro-ecosystem analysis Agro-ecosys
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GIS in extrapolation of location-sp
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Rice-growing sub-ecosystems in Sult
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Influence of Agro-Ecosystem Compone
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Principles for Improving and Stabil
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Water management Adopt efficient wa
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Major Cropping Systems and Their Ma
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Major Cropping Systems and Their Ma
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etter in the broadcast and row-seed
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Comparative Analysis of Different C
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Comparative Analysis of Different C
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Flood-prone areas Flood-prone areas
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Boro Rice Cultivation B oro rice cu
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Integration of Boro with DWR When t
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Management of Rice in Flood-Prone A
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Transplant 35-45-day-old seedlings
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Delayed transplanting Seedbed prepa
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Preparing a site Field dikes 1. Pre
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5. Put the feed in hanging trays in
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Crop Establishment Practices in Rai
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11. For medium-duration varieties,
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Crop Establishment Practices in Rai
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Comparative Analysis of Direct Sowi
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Machine transplanting Manual and se
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Direct sowing vs transplanting: a c
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The beushening process Beushening S
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Less cash inputs required Besides n
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Tillage Practices and Implements fo
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Tillage implements Function Bullock
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Improving the Yields of Traditional
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Threats to the erosion of tradition
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Farmers’ Participatory Plant Bree
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Farmers' Participatory Plant Breedi
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Farmers’ Participatory Plant Bree
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Identification of Donors for Rice B
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Rainfed lowlands Varietal needs for
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Identification of Donors for Rice B
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Varietal Development: Evaluation an
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Trends in varietal improvement In t
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Some small increases can also be ac
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Rainfed Rice Seed Production System
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RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOKOF BEST PR
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Influence of High-Quality Seeds on
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Dealing with Decline in Soil Fertil
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Integrated Nutrient Management What
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Comparative Analysis of Different N
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Comparative analysis of different p
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Page 217 and 218: Indigenous Rainwater Management R a
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Page 227 and 228: Water Saving, Recycling and Sequent
Page 232: Weed Management
Page 245 and 246: Cost Effectiveness of Weed Manageme
Page 252 and 253: Pest Control Alternatives for the R
Page 256 and 257: Pest control in rainfed upland rice
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Page 260 and 261: Gall midge Summer ploughing. Timely
Page 262 and 263: Disease Management Strategies I n n
Page 264 and 265: Sheath blight (caused by Rhizoctoni
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Page 268 and 269: To know the intensity of the rat po
Page 270 and 271: Rat Population Dynamics and Managem
Page 272 and 273: Insecticide Use, Precautions and In
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Page 276 and 277: First-aid precautions Insecticide U
Page 278 and 279: hepatic carcinoma; acute liver dama
Page 280 and 281: Effects of Pesticides on Humans and
Page 282: Mechanical practices on IPM Hand-pi
Page 286: Participatory Farming Systems Techn
Page 294: Annexes
Page 301 and 302: 290 Production staff Editors Nilam
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Rainfed rice - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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