Rainfed rice - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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Agro-Ecosystem Analysis for Rainfed Environments Major environments in the rainfed lowland ecosystem There are five major environments identified within the rainfed lowland ecosystem based on two major hydrological stresses and inadequate or excess moisture. RAINFED SHALLOW, FAVOURABLE ENVIRONMENT • Areas in which drought or submergence is not a serious constraint to using high-yielding modern varieties and management practices that are essentially similar to those in fully irrigated systems. RAINFED SHALLOW, DROUGHT-PRONE ENVIRONMENT • • Areas in which frequent and severe water deficit may occur at any crop growth stage. The rainy season may be short (90-100 days), as is common in central and eastern India. RAINFED SHALLOW, DROUGHT- AND SUBMERGENCE-PRONE ENVIRONMENT • May experience both water deficit and short-term flooding on a frequent basis. RAINFED SHALLOW, SUBMERGENCE-PRONE RICELANDS Frequent short-term flooding that may damage or destroy the crop when varieties and management practices other than those specifically adapted to this environment are used. Otherwise, the water regime is generally favourable in these areas. RAINFED MEDIUM DEEP, WATERLOGGED RICELANDS • Accumulate water at depths of 25-30 cm for a substantial period of the growing season. One of the major problems associated with this condition is growth depression or toxicity caused by stagnant water remaining in the field for months during the crop season. Short-term crop submergence may also occur. Deepwater Deepwater rice areas are those where rice grows as rainfed dryland or under shallow flooding for the first one to three months or for a little longer duration in its growth, and is then flooded to depths that exceed 50 cm for a month or longer. The area with water stagnation up to 1 m depth is categorised as the deepwater sub- ecosystem and the area with more than 1 m as the very deep water sub-ecosystem. Deepwater Deepwater (up to 1 m) Very deep water (more than 1 m) 55
RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BEST PRATICES AND STRATEGIES IN EASTERN INDIA Tidal wetlands With perennial freshwater With seasonally or perennial saline water With acid sulfate soils With peat soils Tidal wetlands Tidal wetlands occur on the coastal belts where the water level in fields fluctuates because of the tidal movement. Based on the ingress of saline or freshwater and soil characteristics, this ecosystem has been divided into four sub-ecosystems. The area under this ecosystem is very small in eastern India. Schematic diagram for rainfed rice agroecosystems Arrows indicate the range and limits of variability. Vertical dashes in rainfed lowland rice are for favourable sub-ecosystems, where variability is least. 56
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The International Rice Research Ins
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RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BEST P
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vi Foreword About 45% of the world
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Page 27 and 28: Utilisation and Management of Natur
Page 33 and 34: Rice Biodiversity and Genetic Wealt
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Page 45 and 46: Socio-Economic Constraints in Rice
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Page 55 and 56: Developing Sustainable Technologies
Page 62 and 63: Agro-Ecosystem Analysis for Rainfed
Page 66 and 67: Agro-ecosystem analysis Agro-ecosys
Page 68 and 69: GIS in extrapolation of location-sp
Page 70 and 71: Rice-growing sub-ecosystems in Sult
Page 72 and 73: Influence of Agro-Ecosystem Compone
Page 76 and 77: Principles for Improving and Stabil
Page 78 and 79: Water management Adopt efficient wa
Page 80 and 81: Major Cropping Systems and Their Ma
Page 82 and 83: Major Cropping Systems and Their Ma
Page 84 and 85: etter in the broadcast and row-seed
Page 86 and 87: Comparative Analysis of Different C
Page 88 and 89: Comparative Analysis of Different C
Page 90 and 91: Flood-prone areas Flood-prone areas
Page 92 and 93: Boro Rice Cultivation B oro rice cu
Page 94 and 95: Integration of Boro with DWR When t
Page 96 and 97: Management of Rice in Flood-Prone A
Page 98 and 99: Transplant 35-45-day-old seedlings
Page 100 and 101: Delayed transplanting Seedbed prepa
Page 102 and 103: Preparing a site Field dikes 1. Pre
Page 104 and 105: 5. Put the feed in hanging trays in
Page 108 and 109: Crop Establishment Practices in Rai
Page 110 and 111: 11. For medium-duration varieties,
Page 112 and 113: Crop Establishment Practices in Rai
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Comparative Analysis of Direct Sowi
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Machine transplanting Manual and se
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Direct sowing vs transplanting: a c
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The beushening process Beushening S
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Less cash inputs required Besides n
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Tillage Practices and Implements fo
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Tillage implements Function Bullock
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Improving the Yields of Traditional
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Threats to the erosion of tradition
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Farmers’ Participatory Plant Bree
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Farmers' Participatory Plant Breedi
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Farmers’ Participatory Plant Bree
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Identification of Donors for Rice B
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Rainfed lowlands Varietal needs for
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Identification of Donors for Rice B
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Varietal Development: Evaluation an
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Trends in varietal improvement In t
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Some small increases can also be ac
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Rainfed Rice Seed Production System
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RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOKOF BEST PR
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Influence of High-Quality Seeds on
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Dealing with Decline in Soil Fertil
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Integrated Nutrient Management What
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184 RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BE
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Comparative Analysis of Different N
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Comparative analysis of different p
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Comparative analysis of different m
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Indigenous Rainwater Management R a
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RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBCOK OF BEST P
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Water Saving, Recycling and Sequent
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Weed Management
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Cost Effectiveness of Weed Manageme
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Pest Control Alternatives for the R
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Diseases affecting grains Blast Bro
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Pest control in rainfed upland rice
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Pest Control Alternatives for the R
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Gall midge Summer ploughing. Timely
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Disease Management Strategies I n n
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Sheath blight (caused by Rhizoctoni
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Disease Management Strategies Contr
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To know the intensity of the rat po
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Rat Population Dynamics and Managem
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Insecticide Use, Precautions and In
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Insecticide Use, Precautions and in
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First-aid precautions Insecticide U
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hepatic carcinoma; acute liver dama
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Effects of Pesticides on Humans and
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Mechanical practices on IPM Hand-pi
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Participatory Farming Systems Techn
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Annexes
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290 Production staff Editors Nilam
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Rainfed rice - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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