Rainfed rice - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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Natural Ecosystems and Agro-Ecosystems in Eastern India Natural ecosystems A n ecosystem is a functional unit consisting of both living and nonliving components. Ecosystems have a number of structured interrelationships between soil, water, nutrition and climate on one side and producers, consumers and decomposers on the other. Ecosystems, when not modified by human activities, are called natural ecosystems. Agro-ecosystems Natural ecosystems managed for agricultural purposes are called ago-ecosystems. The two ecosystems differ in function. For example, in agro-ecosystems, the produce is always directly for human use, whereas, in natural ecosystems, the produce is only sometimes for direct human use. Ecosystem efficiency Ecosystem efficiency is measured in output/input ratios. If the ratio is 1, it is not sustainable. Ecologists measure efficiency as an ‘energy balance’ while planners and economists view it as a ‘monetary balance’. Ecosystem health The health of ecosystems should be maintained for sustainable productivity. Ecosystem health can also be used as a measure of Distinguishing features of agro-ecosystems Less diversified species and individuals. Relatively homogeneous in their genetic characteristics and physiological cycles. The biological process is discontinuous and concentrated on a specific period. More uniform than natural ecosystems. More dependent on external inputs for their operation and high level of production. Conceptual framework of ecosystem health 15
RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BEST PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES IN EASTERN INDIA sustainability. There is no universally accepted set of ecosystem health measures. However, some basic measures of ecosystem health are the temporal changes in soil organic matter (OM) content, soil erosion, microbial activities, incidence of pests and diseases and soil physical and chemical properties. Micro-regional analyses (village or group of villages) help in planning at grass-roots level Assess productivity status. Identify constraints to high productivity. Plan to remove constraints. Schematic diagram of <strong>rice</strong> ecosystems and their health indicators 16 Production systems There are several ways to define and analyse production systems, going from the status of crop yields to the integration of soil, plants and animals.
Page 3 and 4: The International Rice Research Ins
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Page 7 and 8: vi Foreword About 45% of the world
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Page 27 and 28: Utilisation and Management of Natur
Page 33 and 34: Rice Biodiversity and Genetic Wealt
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Page 45 and 46: Socio-Economic Constraints in Rice
Page 55 and 56: Developing Sustainable Technologies
Page 62 and 63: Agro-Ecosystem Analysis for Rainfed
Page 64 and 65: Agro-Ecosystem Analysis for Rainfed
Page 66 and 67: Agro-ecosystem analysis Agro-ecosys
Page 68 and 69: GIS in extrapolation of location-sp
Page 70 and 71: Rice-growing sub-ecosystems in Sult
Page 72 and 73: Influence of Agro-Ecosystem Compone
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Principles for Improving and Stabil
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Water management Adopt efficient wa
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Major Cropping Systems and Their Ma
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Major Cropping Systems and Their Ma
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etter in the broadcast and row-seed
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Comparative Analysis of Different C
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Comparative Analysis of Different C
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Flood-prone areas Flood-prone areas
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Boro Rice Cultivation B oro rice cu
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Integration of Boro with DWR When t
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Management of Rice in Flood-Prone A
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Transplant 35-45-day-old seedlings
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Delayed transplanting Seedbed prepa
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Preparing a site Field dikes 1. Pre
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5. Put the feed in hanging trays in
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Crop Establishment Practices in Rai
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11. For medium-duration varieties,
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Crop Establishment Practices in Rai
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Comparative Analysis of Direct Sowi
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Machine transplanting Manual and se
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Direct sowing vs transplanting: a c
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The beushening process Beushening S
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Less cash inputs required Besides n
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Tillage Practices and Implements fo
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Tillage implements Function Bullock
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Improving the Yields of Traditional
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Threats to the erosion of tradition
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Farmers’ Participatory Plant Bree
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Farmers' Participatory Plant Breedi
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Farmers’ Participatory Plant Bree
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Identification of Donors for Rice B
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Rainfed lowlands Varietal needs for
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Identification of Donors for Rice B
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Varietal Development: Evaluation an
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Trends in varietal improvement In t
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Some small increases can also be ac
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RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOK OF BEST P
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Rainfed Rice Seed Production System
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RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBOOKOF BEST PR
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Influence of High-Quality Seeds on
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Dealing with Decline in Soil Fertil
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Integrated Nutrient Management What
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Comparative Analysis of Different N
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Comparative analysis of different p
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Comparative analysis of different m
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Indigenous Rainwater Management R a
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RAINFED RICE A SOURCEBCOK OF BEST P
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Water Saving, Recycling and Sequent
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Weed Management
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Cost Effectiveness of Weed Manageme
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Pest Control Alternatives for the R
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Diseases affecting grains Blast Bro
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Pest control in rainfed upland rice
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Pest Control Alternatives for the R
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Gall midge Summer ploughing. Timely
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Disease Management Strategies I n n
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Sheath blight (caused by Rhizoctoni
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Disease Management Strategies Contr
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To know the intensity of the rat po
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Rat Population Dynamics and Managem
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Insecticide Use, Precautions and In
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Insecticide Use, Precautions and in
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First-aid precautions Insecticide U
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hepatic carcinoma; acute liver dama
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Effects of Pesticides on Humans and
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Mechanical practices on IPM Hand-pi
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Participatory Farming Systems Techn
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Annexes
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290 Production staff Editors Nilam
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