The Design of Modern Steel Bridges - TEDI

28 The Design of Modern Steel Bridges
Figure 1.28 Kohlbrand Bridge, Hamburg, Germany (1974).
The Erskine Bridge in Scotland, opened in 1971, had a large 305 m (1000 ft)
long span but, following the Wye Bridge design of the early 1960s, employed
only one cable on either side of the two towers along a central vertical plane.
The 325 m (1066 ft) span Kohlbrand in Hamburg is the first bridge with
multiple cables arranged in inclined planes from A-shaped towers. Other
remarkable cable-stayed steel-deck bridges are:
(1) over the Waal near Ewijk, Holland, 270 m (886 ft) span completed in
1975
(2) Düsseldorf Flehe bridge over the Rhine at Düsseldorf, Germany, 367 m
(1204 ft), 1978
(3) Stretto di Rande at Vigo, Spain, 400 m (1312 ft), 1978.
The first double-decked cable-stayed bridge was built in 1977 in Japan; the
Rokko Bridge had a truss stiffening girder of 8 m (26 ft) depth to provide the
necessary height and light on the lower deck. The first bridge with cable stays
anchored to the ground was the Indiano Bridge over the Arno river in Florence.
The first cable-stayed bridge to support a rail track was the (twin) bridge(s)
across the Parana River in Argentina built in 1978, followed by the bridge over
the Sava River in Belgrade with a main span of 254 m (833 ft) carrying two
heavy railway tracks.
The Tjörn Bridge in Sweden, completed in 1982, has a 366 m (1201 ft) main
span high above water; in fact this bridge was built to replace a steel arch
bridge of 280 m (918 ft) which was demolished in a collision with a ship at a
low point on the arch. The St Nazair Bridge completed in 1975 in Brittany,