Coptic Church & Ecumenical Movement - Saint Mina Coptic ...

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After the Treaty of Berlin in 1878, the Armenians agitated for their own independence, as the great powers had done nothing to promote their aspirations. The great bone of contention in the years that followed was the attempted genocide committed on the Armenian people by the Turks between 1894 and 1922, which resulted in about 1.5 million people being put to death and the same number resettled. The Turks have denied that it took place. The Armenians want them to acknowledge that it occurred and to apologize. The alleged reason for resettling the Armenians was that they were near the border with Russia at the time of the First World War and siding with them. During the First World War many Armenians fled into various countries including Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Iraq, Europe and the USA. Today Los Angeles has a huge Armenian population. The Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians has oversight of the Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia (nowadays in Lebanon), and the patriarchates of Constantinople and Jerusalem. Another of his duties is to bless the Holy Oil for use in all churches and to ordain bishops. 2. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church This church, sometimes called the Abyssinian Church, is closely related to the Coptic Church, as it shares the same early history. The exact date of the arrival of Christianity in Ethiopia is not certain, but we know that St. Athanasius consecrated St. Frumentius in about 347 as head of the Ethiopian Church. This was indicative of the fact that the Ethiopian Church came under the jurisdiction of Alexandria. In the thirteenth century the Coptic Patriarch in Alexandria assumed the right to consecrate a Coptic bishop as metropolitan of the Ethiopian Church. Moreover, Alexandria limited their episcopate to seven, thus effectively preventing them having their own metropolitan. This custom continued until 1959, when Emperor Haile Selassie I secured the autonomy of the Ethiopian Church. Henceforth they had a head known as a Catholicos-patriarch instead of the Coptic abuna. Their patriarch, Merkorious, resides in Addis Ababa. Although the primacy of Alexandria is acknowledged, the Ethiopian Church is independent in all things. In 1626 they became Uniats (accepted the Pope in Rome as their Pope) under Jesuit influence, but when the Jesuits were expelled in the year 1632, they reverted to their Coptic allegiance and so-called monophysitism. In fact, as a church they reject the term Monophysite, preferring the term that translates as ‘unionite’, expressing the union in Christ of the human and divine natures. They regard both Nestorius and Eutyches as heretics. At the time of the Council of Florence they rejected the agreed-upon union with Rome. Today they have become in some ways an ‘island’ church in their isolation, with the Ethiopian Evangelical Mekane Yesus (EECMY) Church their main competitor. This latter has Lutheran contacts and support. About 17 million in Ethiopia belong to this church. 3. Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church of India This church traces its origin to the Apostle St. Thomas. When the Portuguese discovered India in the fifteenth century, there were about 100,000 St. Thomas Christians in India. Over the 4
centuries they had managed to maintain a measure of contact with the patriarch in Babylon/Baghdad, and had had a succession of bishops, all of whom came from Mesopotamia. Only in the seventeenth century did they get an indigenous Indian as bishop. The language of the liturgy was traditionally in Syriac. Technically the Malankara Church, which does not accept the Council of Chalcedon, is a socalled Monophysite church, but, as we have seen, these labels can be misleading and are often rejected by the people on whom they are pinned. Whatever the historical events, the Malankara Church is currently dialoguing with the Eastern Orthodox churches and the Roman Catholic Chruch. The latter dialogue began in 1989. The hope of these dialogues is that they will clear up the misunderstandings that originated with the often difficult Christological debates in the fourth and fifth centuries and for which many people and churches have suffered injustices over the centuries. The current Catholicos (patriarch) or Catholicos Patriarch, of the Malankara Church is His Holiness Baselius Mar Thoma Mattheus II, Catholicos of the East. He resides in Kottayam, in the state of Kerala, India. The patron of this church is St. Thomas, the Apostle. 4. Syrian Orthodox Church This is one of the most ancient churches in Christendom. St. Peter preached at Antioch before he ever got to Rome! At Antioch, where the patriarch used to reside, believers were first called Christians. Now the patriarch resides in Damascus. (The Antiochian Orthodox Church also has its patriarch resident in Damascus.) They are sometimes called Jacobite after a sixth century archbishop, Jacob (James) Baradaeus. They were suppressed and deprived of their clergy by the Emperor Justinian, but revived under the favour of the Empress Theodora. Baradaeus marked the revival. They are in communion with the Copts, Ethiopians and Armenians. For economic reasons (mainly), but also because of the different kinds of oppression they have suffered, there has been a diaspora of Syrians to all parts of the world. This has occurred mainly since 1945. 5
Page 1 and 2: THE COPTIC ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE
Page 3: DEDICATION This book is dedicated t
Page 9 and 10: VI SYNDESMOS Statement; May 1991...
Page 11 and 12: FOREWORD vi By H.H. Pope Shenouda I
Page 13 and 14: THE ONE CHURCH CHAPTER 1 UNITY AND
Page 15: phrase: “One nature of God the Wo
Page 19 and 20: Later doctrinal and papal developme
Page 21 and 22: Byzantine Tradition There are nine
Page 23 and 24: maintain a degree of flexibility in
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 2 THE ECUMENICAL VISION Der
Page 27 and 28: 5. Youth Ecumenical Committee Under
Page 29 and 30: Since the beginning the Church used
Page 31 and 32: etween the two traditions of Orthod
Page 33 and 34: THE UNOFFICIAL CONSULTATIONS Throug
Page 35 and 36: Participants Eastern Orthodox Orien
Page 37 and 38: does not appear therefore to be inc
Page 39 and 40: THE THIRD UNOFFICIAL CONSULTATION G
Page 41 and 42: the nature of the Church be safe gu
Page 43 and 44: (h) To explore the possibilities of
Page 46 and 47: THE FOURTH UNOFFICIAL CONSULTATION
Page 48 and 49: Participants Eastern Orthodox Orien
Page 50 and 51: more clarity of thought and more ea
Page 52 and 53: THE OFFICIAL CONSULTATIONS After tw
Page 54 and 55: MEETING OF THE JOINT SUB-COMMITTEE
Page 56 and 57: JOINT COMMISSION OF THE THEOLOGICAL
Page 58 and 59: (atreptos), without separation (ach
Page 60 and 61: REPORT OF THE JOINT SUB-COMMITTEE A
Page 62 and 63: 1 - In the area of the relation bet
Page 64 and 65: JOINT-COMMISSION OF THE THEOLOGICAL
Page 66 and 67:
4. Both families agree that the nat
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Participants Eastern Orthodox Orien
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RECOMMENDATIONS ON PASTORAL ISSUES
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e) Abortion. 12.A joint consultatio
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Joint Commission Of The Theological
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iii) A Liturgical Sub-Committee sho
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POPE SHENOUDA III’S ADDRESS TO PO
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HOMILY OF POPE PAUL VI May 6th, 197
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From this new knowledge of God foll
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conscious of its duty of witnessing
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RESPONSE OF POPE PAUL VI TO POPE SH
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POPE PAUL VI’S ADDRESS BEFORE THE
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We shall always keep in our memory
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COMMON DECLARATION SIGNED BY POPE P
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THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION
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esurrection and ascension. It is fr
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pastoral activities and exert a mor
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Participants in the meeting were: C
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some other bishop. The universal Ch
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THIRD MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL
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1. The authorities of the Catholic
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His Divinity. This explains the mos
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Excellency, Msgr. Youhanna Kabes au
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A) The Holy See of Rome a) Consider
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of the theological, ecclesiastical
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DIRECTIONS TO THE WORK OF THE I.J.C
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ADDRESS OF POPE JOHN PAUL II TO A C
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PRINCIPLES FOR GUIDING THE SEARCH F
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Frequent contacts at all levels of
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THE RESUMPTION OF THE DIALOGUE When
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We must bear witness to this common
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Members Of The Commission Coptic Or
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SIXTH MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL
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MEETING OF THE POPE OF ALEXANDRIA A
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PRO ORIENTE ORIENTAL ORTHODOX - CAT
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The Second Consultation At the seco
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and the Ecumenical Councils, as the
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church in truth and love, in Euchar
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The Fourth Consultation The fourth
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statements of the See of Rome canno
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The conversations were held in a co
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a). Look more closely into the agre
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she does not on her own respect the
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4. This communion is participation
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On each place where the Eucharist i
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church should not be undertaken wit
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exchanged by His Eminence and the c
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7. Confirmation and reception of ec
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ANGLICAN - COPTIC JOINT DECLARATION
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THE LAMBETH CONFERENCE The ten year
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gave birth to the Logos, helped to
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the patriarch of Constantinople. Wo
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All Scripture is given by inspirati
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• Regional Forums The Forum welco
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CHAPTER 6 COPTIC ORTHODOX AND WORLD
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4. Dr. Silke-Petra Bergjan presente
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Possible Topics for Future Discussi
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ORIENTAL ORTHODOX - REFORMED DIALOG
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• How do our historical contexts
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We submit this statement to the aut
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ORIENTAL ORTHODOX - REFORMED DIALOG
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• In their understanding, Scriptu
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• Theologia reformata et semper r
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Participants in the Third Session O
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Participants in the Fourth Session
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CHAPTER 8 COPTIC ORTHODOX AND PRESB
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CHAPTER 9 CONSTRUCTING BRIDGES OF L
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PRELIMINARY MEETING OF ORIENTAL ORT
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(ie. In the Apostolic Faith) in the
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THE SECOND MEETING OF THE HEADS OF
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Fourth: The Middle East Council of
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THE THIRD MEETING OF THE HEADS OF T
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Oriental Orthodox family will join
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THE FOURTH MEETING OF THE HEADS OF
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that this document become a matter
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these will widen the circle of viol
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and demand of our faith and by the
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CHAPTER 10 ECUMENICAL ORGANISATIONS
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WORLD COUNCIL OF CHURCHES Founded i
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In 1961 the assembly was held in Ne
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i The Trinitarian God, ii Salvation
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Special Commission on Orthodox Part
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ALL AFRICA CONFERENCE OF CHURCHES A
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THE ALEXANDRIAN CONFESSION (1976) T
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THE MECC LOGO The logo of the Middl
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Conducted every 5 years, the assemb
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our skill in reading the writing th
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Patriarch of Jerusalem for the Gree
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SYNDESMOS It is the World Fellowshi
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APPENDIX I CHRISTOLOGICAL AGREEMENT
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APPENDIX II ADDRESS BY H.H. POPE SH
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St. John the divine, a pillar of th
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CHURCH UNITY IS AN HISTORICAL INHER
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“We all believe that Our Lord, Go
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An excursion was organised to visit
Page 256 and 257:
You will understand, therefore, tha
Page 258 and 259:
tradition of our Church, is changed
Page 260 and 261:
feeling in themselves the pain of d
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The Coptic Orthodox have been assur
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APPENDIX IX LETTER OF HIS HOLINESS
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APPENDIX X TELEGRAM FROM H.H POPE J
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eport that only a few priests have
Page 270 and 271:
Bibliography Arruda, M. (ed.), Ecum
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