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2 DRAFTING THE PLAN NEAR THE END OF APRIL 1953 Dr. Donald N. Wilber, covert consultant to NEA, was selected by the Division to go to Nicosia and, in close collaboration with SIS, draw up a plan for the overthrow of Mossadeq. The assumption by Headquarters was that the planners would come up with a project which they could conscientiously recommend. The discussions were begun at Nicosia on 13 May 1953 between Wilber and SIS Officer Norman Matthew Darbyshire. Occasionally Mr. H. John Collins, Chief of SIS station at Nicosia, was also present. Mr. Darbyshire, who was in charge of SIS's Iran branch, had been in Iran for several years and was fluent in the language. Discussions were concluded on 30 May 1953, and the completed draft of a recommended operational plan was cabled by Dr. Wilber to Headquarters on 1 June. The opening meeting consisted of a review of all the important personalities on the political scene in Iran with a view toward determining whether General Zahedi, the most prominent politician in opposition to Mossadeq, was in fact the sole figure worthy of support and, if so, what individuals and elements should be enlisted in his support. It soon became apparent that Dr. Wilber and Mr. Darbyshire held quite similar views of Iranian personalities and had made very similar estimates of the factors involved in the Iranian political scene. There was no friction or marked differ-
18 THE CIA IN IRAN ence of opinion during the discussions. It also quickly became apparent that the SIS was perfectly content to follow whatever lead was taken by the Agency. It seemed obvious to Wilber that the British were very pleased at having obtained the active cooperation of the Agency and were determined to do nothing which might jeopardize U.S. participation. At the same time there was a faint note of envy expressed over the fact that the Agency was better equipped in the way of funds, personnel, and facilities than was SIS. Wilber reported the preliminary conversations concerning a three-way channel, set up for this occasion, which was designed to ensure immediate relay between Washington, Nicosia, and Tehran. That is, a message originating at any one of these places would be sent by the most expeditious route to the other two. This route was the Middle East Communications Authority (MECA) link, the relay station a few miles outside of Nicosia.* Discussions at Nicosia moved on to a disclosure of assets by both parties. Those by SIS were centered upon the contacts of the Rashidian brothers in such fields as the armed forces, the Majlis (Iranian Parliament), religious leaders, the press, street gangs, politicians, and other influential figures. When this material was relayed from Nicosia, the Tehran Station commented that it was their belief that these assets had been far overstated and oversold. In reply it was pointed out that SIS was as aware as we of the weaknesses of the Rashidians, but that one of the strongest points in their favor was their avowed willingness to risk their possessions and their lives in an attempt against Mossadeq. In the critical days of August 1953 [the Rashidian brothers**] did display such a willingness. SIS disclosures were followed by those of Dr. Wilber for CIA. Prior to Wilber's departure a discussion was held at Headquarters to determine which of the station assets should be disclosed to the SIS in return for promised disclosures by the SIS * Unfortunately, communications between Nicosia and Tehran were not as rapid as was hoped during this period in which more than 45 cables were exchanged. * * Please see page 49 for a brief bio of the Rashidian brothers, who were instru mental in assisting the CIA and Britain's SIS in carrying out the coup.
Page 2 and 3: Published by American Free Press, T
Page 4 and 5: DEDICATION This book is dedicated t
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .........
Page 8 and 9: PREFACE IN OCTOBER 2003, WHILE VISI
Page 10 and 11: PREFACE 9 only minimal redactions.
Page 12 and 13: HISTORIAN'S NOTE THIS STUDY WAS ORI
Page 14 and 15: 1 PRELIMINARY STEPS REPRESENTATIVES
Page 16 and 17: PRELIMINARY STEPS 15 Subsequent con
Page 20 and 21: DRAFTING THE PLAN 19 of the assets
Page 22 and 23: DRAFTING THE PLAN 21 proved to be a
Page 24 and 25: 3 THE OPERATIONAL PLAN ON THE AFTER
Page 26 and 27: OPERATIONAL PLAN 25 the approval or
Page 28 and 29: 4 ACTIVITY B E G I N S SINCE THE ME
Page 30 and 31: ACTIVITY BEGINS 29 important factor
Page 32 and 33: ACTIVITY B E G I N S 31 da aspects
Page 34 and 35: 5 MOUNTING PRESSURE AGAINST THE SHA
Page 36 and 37: MOUNTING PRESSURE 35 tain dates, wa
Page 38 and 39: MOUNTING PRESSURE 37 ative, for the
Page 40 and 41: MOUNTING PRESSURE 39 would constitu
Page 42 and 43: MOUNTING PRESSURE 41 were unnecessa
Page 44 and 45: MOUNTING PRESSURE 43 Zahedi; accord
Page 46 and 47: 6 THE F I R S T TRY THE PRECISE ORD
Page 48 and 49: THE FIRST TRY 47 their operation, M
Page 50 and 51: THE RASHIDIAN BROTHERS THREE IRANIA
Page 52 and 53: 7 APPARENT F A I L U R E AT 0545 HO
Page 54 and 55: APPARENT FAILURE 53 had been "authe
Page 56 and 57: APPARENT FAILURE 55 Persian typewri
Page 58 and 59: APPARENT FAILURE 57 not be consider
Page 60 and 61: APPARENT FAILURE 59 thing to do?" A
Page 62 and 63: APPARENT FAILURE 61 cerning his fut
Page 64 and 65: APPARENT F A I L U R E 63 ning for
Page 66 and 67: APPARENT FAILURE 65 and Headquarter
Page 68 and 69:
8 THE SHAH IS VICTORIOUS WHILE ON T
Page 70 and 71:
THE SHAH IS VICTORIOUS 69 to the op
Page 72 and 73:
THE SHAH IS VICTORIOUS 71 bore full
Page 74 and 75:
THE SHAH IS VICTORIOUS 73 loyal to
Page 76 and 77:
THE SHAH IS VICTORIOUS 75 for it ca
Page 78 and 79:
9 REPORT TO LONDON ROOSEVELT ARRIVE
Page 80 and 81:
REPORT TO LONDON 79 scious of the p
Page 82 and 83:
REPORT TO LONDON 81 glee with a fol
Page 84 and 85:
10 WHAT WAS LEARNED FROM THE OPERAT
Page 86 and 87:
WHAT WAS LEARNED 85 engaged in Midd
Page 88 and 89:
WHAT WAS LEARNED 87 tion felt was s
Page 90 and 91:
WHAT WAS LEARNED 89 it would have b
Page 92 and 93:
APPENDICES APPENDIX A: INITIAL OPER
Page 94 and 95:
APPENDIX A Initial Operation Plan f
Page 96 and 97:
APPENDIX A 95 A. After agreement wi
Page 98 and 99:
press and propaganda who will: APPE
Page 100 and 101:
THE FIGHT OVER I R A N ' S OIL CIA
Page 102 and 103:
I. INTRODUCTION APPENDIX B London D
Page 104 and 105:
APPENDIX B 103 coup the best chance
Page 106 and 107:
APPENDIX B 105 2. Second Stage: Wit
Page 108 and 109:
APPENDIX B 107 merits the Shah may
Page 110 and 111:
APPENDIX B 109 National Bank and it
Page 112 and 113:
APPENDIX B 111 Phase 2. A massive p
Page 114 and 115:
APPENDIX B 113 Its basic aim will b
Page 116 and 117:
APPENDIX B 115 (2) Other religious
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APPENDIX B 117 C. If the coup is no
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APPENDIX C Foreign Office Memorandu
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Britain's Meddling in Iran Britain
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APPENDIX D Report on Military Plann
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APPENDIX D 125 drawn primarily from
Page 128 and 129:
APPENDIX D 127 other British Army o
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APPENDIX D 129 and Carroll agreed t
Page 132 and 133:
APPENDIX D 131 Colonel Ashrafi, Mil
Page 134 and 135:
APPENDIX D 133 Zahedi, and General
Page 136 and 137:
APPENDIX E Military Critique Lesson
Page 138 and 139:
APPENDIX E 137 ferent in each case,
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APPENDIX E 139 officers in command
Page 142 and 143:
APPENDIX E 141 must be seized or pr
Page 144 and 145:
APPENDIX E 143 has been wounded, ar
Page 146 and 147:
APPENDIX E 145 ly forces should be
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A P P E N D I X E 147 • The possi
Page 150 and 151:
SUMMARY 149 covert operations. In A
Page 152 and 153:
SUMMARY 151 dismissing Mossadeq, ap
Page 154:
SUMMARY 153 as well as certain prov
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