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APPARENT FAILURE 55 Persian typewriter. These were rushed to General Zahedi for his signature and then given out to the foreign correspondents, to local pressmen and to two key army officers. By the time they were distributed, it was too late to catch the press for the morning of the 17th. However, station agents, [Jalili and Kayvani] although not in touch with the station, the Rashidians, or [Farzanegan,] went ahead on their own. They composed a fabricated interview with Zahedi and had it printed on the 17th, along with a copy of the farman. In this instance, as in a number of others, the high-level agents of the station demonstrated a most satisfying ability to go ahead on their own and do just the right thing. During the day the station was securing the persons of key individuals and sending them to safety. Some were concealed in the house of a station clerk in the Embassy compound and some in the houses of U.S. personnel of the station outside the compound. Thus, Ardeshir Zahedi was in station hands from the morning of the 16th on, General Zahedi from the morning of the 17th on, the Rashidian brothers from the 16th on with the exception of a venture out on the 18th, Colonel [Farzanegan] from the morning of the 16th on, and General [Guilanshah] from the morning of the 16th. These people had to be concealed by the station, both in order to secure them from arrest and also to have them in places to which Americans could logically and easily go. That evening, about 1930 hours, crowds massed in the Majlis Square to hear speeches, and the proceedings were rebroadcast over Radio Tehran. The speakers included pro-Mossadeq ex-Majlis deputies Mosavi, Dr. Szyyid Ali Shayegan, Engineer Zirakzadeh, Engineer Razavi, and Foreign Minister Fatemi. All the speakers attacked the Shah and demanded that he abdicate. During the course of these speeches, the public was informed for the first time that the Shah had fled to Baghdad. The station had learned several hours earlier that the Shah had left. By 1600 hours the two principal U.S. Embassy political officers had given up hope, while Roosevelt was insisting there was still a "slight remaining chance of success" if the Shah would use the Baghdad
56 THE CIA IN IRAN radio and if Zahedi took an aggressive stand. Additional station messages to Headquarters contained the texts of the type of statements the Shah could make over Baghdad radio. Allowing for the seven hour difference in time, Headquarters received the first message from the station on the non-success of the coup at 0130 hours on the 16th, and a few hours thereafter was working on the station's request to get the Shah to broadcast from Baghdad. As the working day ended, they had to report to the station that the State Department was firmly opposed to any American effort to contact the Shah and suggested the British do it. At Nicosia they responded enthusiastically to the station's suggestion, and the SIS attempted to get permission from London to have Leavitt and Darbyshire flown to Baghdad by RAF jet fighter early in the morning of the 1 7th, for the purpose of exerting pressure on the Shah. London refused permission. As the station personnel entered on another day after a second sleepless night, some real encouragement came from word that, in breaking up Tudeh groups late the night before, the soldiers had beaten them with rifle butts and made them shout, "Long live the Shah." The station continued to feel that the "project was not quite dead" since General Zahedi, General [Guilanshah], the Rashidian brothers, and Colonel [Farzanegan] were still determined to press action. Now, on the morning of 17 August, the press was again on the streets. Niruye Sevum stated that Schwarzkopf engineered the plot with the Shah and that "simple-minded Americans thought the Shah was a trump card." Dad and Shahed both blamed the so-called coup on the government, and Keyhan carried the text of an alleged Radio London statement quoting Zahedi to the effect that he had a farman from the Shah and that the Shah had left because his life was threatened. Throughout the morning Iranians with good radios were able to get word from foreign stations of statements that the Shah had made in Baghdad. He said: "What has taken place in Iran can-
Page 2 and 3:
Published by American Free Press, T
Page 4 and 5:
DEDICATION This book is dedicated t
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .........
Page 8 and 9: PREFACE IN OCTOBER 2003, WHILE VISI
Page 10 and 11: PREFACE 9 only minimal redactions.
Page 12 and 13: HISTORIAN'S NOTE THIS STUDY WAS ORI
Page 14 and 15: 1 PRELIMINARY STEPS REPRESENTATIVES
Page 16 and 17: PRELIMINARY STEPS 15 Subsequent con
Page 18 and 19: 2 DRAFTING THE PLAN NEAR THE END OF
Page 20 and 21: DRAFTING THE PLAN 19 of the assets
Page 22 and 23: DRAFTING THE PLAN 21 proved to be a
Page 24 and 25: 3 THE OPERATIONAL PLAN ON THE AFTER
Page 26 and 27: OPERATIONAL PLAN 25 the approval or
Page 28 and 29: 4 ACTIVITY B E G I N S SINCE THE ME
Page 30 and 31: ACTIVITY BEGINS 29 important factor
Page 32 and 33: ACTIVITY B E G I N S 31 da aspects
Page 34 and 35: 5 MOUNTING PRESSURE AGAINST THE SHA
Page 36 and 37: MOUNTING PRESSURE 35 tain dates, wa
Page 38 and 39: MOUNTING PRESSURE 37 ative, for the
Page 40 and 41: MOUNTING PRESSURE 39 would constitu
Page 42 and 43: MOUNTING PRESSURE 41 were unnecessa
Page 44 and 45: MOUNTING PRESSURE 43 Zahedi; accord
Page 46 and 47: 6 THE F I R S T TRY THE PRECISE ORD
Page 48 and 49: THE FIRST TRY 47 their operation, M
Page 50 and 51: THE RASHIDIAN BROTHERS THREE IRANIA
Page 52 and 53: 7 APPARENT F A I L U R E AT 0545 HO
Page 54 and 55: APPARENT FAILURE 53 had been "authe
Page 58 and 59: APPARENT FAILURE 57 not be consider
Page 60 and 61: APPARENT FAILURE 59 thing to do?" A
Page 62 and 63: APPARENT FAILURE 61 cerning his fut
Page 64 and 65: APPARENT F A I L U R E 63 ning for
Page 66 and 67: APPARENT FAILURE 65 and Headquarter
Page 68 and 69: 8 THE SHAH IS VICTORIOUS WHILE ON T
Page 70 and 71: THE SHAH IS VICTORIOUS 69 to the op
Page 72 and 73: THE SHAH IS VICTORIOUS 71 bore full
Page 74 and 75: THE SHAH IS VICTORIOUS 73 loyal to
Page 76 and 77: THE SHAH IS VICTORIOUS 75 for it ca
Page 78 and 79: 9 REPORT TO LONDON ROOSEVELT ARRIVE
Page 80 and 81: REPORT TO LONDON 79 scious of the p
Page 82 and 83: REPORT TO LONDON 81 glee with a fol
Page 84 and 85: 10 WHAT WAS LEARNED FROM THE OPERAT
Page 86 and 87: WHAT WAS LEARNED 85 engaged in Midd
Page 88 and 89: WHAT WAS LEARNED 87 tion felt was s
Page 90 and 91: WHAT WAS LEARNED 89 it would have b
Page 92 and 93: APPENDICES APPENDIX A: INITIAL OPER
Page 94 and 95: APPENDIX A Initial Operation Plan f
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX A 95 A. After agreement wi
Page 98 and 99: press and propaganda who will: APPE
Page 100 and 101: THE FIGHT OVER I R A N ' S OIL CIA
Page 102 and 103: I. INTRODUCTION APPENDIX B London D
Page 104 and 105: APPENDIX B 103 coup the best chance
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APPENDIX B 105 2. Second Stage: Wit
Page 108 and 109:
APPENDIX B 107 merits the Shah may
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APPENDIX B 109 National Bank and it
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APPENDIX B 111 Phase 2. A massive p
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APPENDIX B 113 Its basic aim will b
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APPENDIX B 115 (2) Other religious
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APPENDIX B 117 C. If the coup is no
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APPENDIX C Foreign Office Memorandu
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Britain's Meddling in Iran Britain
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APPENDIX D Report on Military Plann
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APPENDIX D 125 drawn primarily from
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APPENDIX D 127 other British Army o
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APPENDIX D 129 and Carroll agreed t
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APPENDIX D 131 Colonel Ashrafi, Mil
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APPENDIX D 133 Zahedi, and General
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APPENDIX E Military Critique Lesson
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APPENDIX E 137 ferent in each case,
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APPENDIX E 139 officers in command
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APPENDIX E 141 must be seized or pr
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APPENDIX E 143 has been wounded, ar
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APPENDIX E 145 ly forces should be
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A P P E N D I X E 147 • The possi
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SUMMARY 149 covert operations. In A
Page 152 and 153:
SUMMARY 151 dismissing Mossadeq, ap
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SUMMARY 153 as well as certain prov
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