Invasive alien species in Switzerland - Schweizer ...

3 > Crustaceans – Crustacea 69
Tab. 3.1 > Established alien crustaceans in Switzerland.
Scientific name Taxonomic Origin Year Pathway Impact Note
group
Daphnia parvula Fordyce Cladocera America 1972 Ship traffic Change in food web? First European record in the
Bodensee (Lake Constance)
Cyclops vicinus Uljanin Copepoda Europe 1954 Fish releases? Predator of native crusta- Found in the Bodensee.
ceans
Atyaephyra desmaresti Atyidae Mediterranean ? Expanding along No impact shown Likely to expand further throughout
(Millet) canals, ship Europe
traffic?
Corophium curvispinum Corophiidae Ponto– 1980s Ballast water Change of ecosystem by Rapid colonization of the Rhine
(Sars) Caspian Also migration transferring hard substrate to
muddy areas.
Reduces available habitat for
hard substrate species
Echinogammarus ischnus Gammaridae Ponto– 1990s Ship traffic Modifies substrate sediment. Invader of a large portion of Europe
(Behning) Caspian Migration Alters energy flow between
pelagic and benthic organisms.
Additional prey for fish.
Excludes competing species
Echinogammarus Gammaridae Ponto– - Ship traffic Not known Likely to reach Switzerland in the
trichiatus (Martynov) Caspian near future
Echinogammarus berilloni Gammaridae South-western 20 th century Migration through Not known Probably still invading Europe
Catta Europe canals
Dikerogammarus Gammaridae Ponto– 1990s Ship traffic Not known Decreasing in Europe, because of
haemobaphes (Eichwald) Caspian Migration the invasion of D. villosus
Dikerogammarus villosus Gammaridae Ponto– Late 1990s Ship traffic Predator of alien and native Replacing earlier invaders
(Sovinski) Caspian gammarids and other prey
Gammarus tigrinus Gammaridae North America 1990s Ship traffic Changes in food web? Introduced from North America in
Sexton Migration ballast water
Astacus leptodactylus Astacidae South-eastern 1980s Release for Competition with native Important competitor for native
Eschscholtz Europe fishing crayfish species crayfish species, but also vulnerable
to the crayfish plague
Pacifastacus leniusculus Astacidae North America ? Release for Competition with native Very destructive invader, displacing
(Dana) fishing crayfish species native crayfish species
Vector of the crayfish plague
Orconectes limosus Cambaridae North America Before 1976 Release for Competition with native Very destructive invader, displacing
(Rafinesque) fishing crayfish species. native crayfish species
Vector of the crayfish plague
Procambarus clarkii Cambaridae Southern ? Release for Competition with native Very destructive invader, displacing
Girard North America fishing crayfish species. native crayfish species
Vector of the crayfish plague
Proasellus coxalis Asellidae South-western Second half Ship traffic Not known Rhine, but not common
(Dollfuss) Europe of 20 th
century
Proasellus meridianus Asellidae South-western Second half Ship traffic Not known Rhine, near Basel, but not common
(Racovitza) Europe of 20 th
century
Jaera istri Veuille Jaeridae Ponto– End of Ship traffic Not known, but very abun- One of the species with the highest
Caspian 1990s dant abundance – likely to increase
further