Invasive alien species in Switzerland - Schweizer ...

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An inventory of alien species and their threat to biodiversity and economy in Switzerland FOEN 2006 94 Tab. 4.3 > Established alien insects in Switzerland: Hymenoptera. Species Habitat – Life traits Origin References for Switzerland HYMENOPTERA Symphyta Siricidae Sirex cyaneus Fabricius Feeds on conifer trunks (mainly Abies) North America Pschorn-Walcher and Taeger, 1995 Tenthredinidae Nematus tibialis Newman Defoliator on Robinia North America Liston, 1981, Pschorn-Walcher and Taeger, 1995 Apocrita Aphelinidae Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) Parasitoid of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), introduced in Switzerland North America Greathead, 1976; Noyes, 2002 Aphytis proclia (Walker) Parasitoid of scale insects, introduced in Italy Asia Greathead, 1976; Noyes, 2002 Encarsia berlesei (Howard) Encarsia formosa Gahan Encarsia lounshuryi (Berlese & Paoli) Encarsia perniciosi (Tower) Braconidea Parasitoid of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni- Tozzetti), introduced in Italy Biocontrol agent against whiteflies. Only in greenhouses Parasitoid of Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan), introduced in Italy Parasitoid of San José scale, introduced in Switzerland Aphidius colemani Viereck Biocontrol agent against aphids in greenhouses India Dryinidae East Asia South and Central America Madeira Probably Asia Mani et al., 1997 Greathead, 1976; Noyes, 2002 Greathead, 1976; Noyes, 2002 Mani and Baroffio, 1997 Neodryinus typhlocybae (Ashmead) Parasitoid of Metcalfa pruinosa Say, introduced in Ticino North America Jermini et al., 2000 Encyrtidae Metaphycus helvolus (Compere) Biocontrol agent against scale insects. Only in greenhouses Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard) Parasitoid of Lymantria dispar L., introduced in Europe. Not reported from Switzerland but from all adjacent countries Formicidae South Africa Noyes, 2002 East Asia Greathead, 1976; Noyes, 2002 Hypoponera schauinslandi (Emery) Antropophilic, in greenhouses or other heated buildings. Unclear, tropics Neumeyer & Seifert, 2005 Linepithema humile (Mayr) Various habitats indoors and outdoors, perhaps not established in Switzerland South America Kutter, 1981 Monomorium pharaonis (L.) On stored products, antropophilic, mainly indoors South Asia Freitag et al., 2000 Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille) Tapinoma melanocephalum (F.) Sphecidae Isodontia mexicana (Saussure) Sceliphron curvatum (F. Smith) Torymidae Omnivorous, antropophilic, found in Zürich airport in 1999, perhaps not established On stored products, antropophilic, indoors only Predatory wasp, feeds on criquets, In Ticino Lemanic region Predatory wasp, anthropophilic Old world tropics Cosmopolitan, tropics Freitag et al., 2000 Dorn et. al., 1997 and North America Vernier, 1995, 2000 Asia Gonseth & al. 2001 Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl Feeds on seeds of Pseudotsuga North America Roques and Skrzypczynska, 2003 Trichogrammatidae Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko Biocontrol agent against Lepidoptera Eastern Europe Noyes, 2002
4 > Insects – Insecta 95 Tab. 4.4 > Established alien insects in Switzerland: Diptera. Species DIPTERA Agromyzidae Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) Napomyza gymnostoma (Loew) Calliphoridae Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) Cecidomyiidae Rhopalomyia chrysanthemi (Ahlberg) Culicidae Habitat – Life traits Origin References for Switzerland Polyphagous leaf miner, pest in glasshouses Polyphagous leaf miner, pest in glasshouses in Europe, particularly on Chrysanthemum Leaf miner on Allium spp., especially onion and leek. On cadavers Pest on Chrysanthemum Aedes albopictus (Skuse) Human nuisance through its bites, and potential vector of various diseases Drosophilidae Chymomyza amoena (Loew) Drosophila curvispina Watabe & Toda Milichiidae Fruits of various broadleaved trees (apple, walnut, plum, etc.) Fruits Central and South America North America Unclear, perhaps indigenous CABI, 2001 CABI, 2001 Eder and Baur (2003) Cosmopolitan Rognes, 1997 North America Skuhrava and Skuhravi 1997 South-east Asia Unpublished information North America East Asia Burla and Bächli, 1992 Bächli et al., 2002 Desmometopa varipalpis Malloch Saprophagous/coprophagous Probably Cosmopolitan Merz et al., 2001 Muscidae Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann) On human or animal cadavers North America Merz et al., 2001 Phoridae Dohrniphora cornuta (Bigot) Saprophagous, sometimes carnivorous Tropical, Cosmopolitan Prescher et al., 2002 Stratiomyidae Hermetia illucens (L.) Tephritidae Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.) Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) Rhagoletis cingulata Curran Rhagoletis completa Cresson Ulidiidae Saprophagous, very abundant in Ticino. Fruit fly, on olive, in Ticino On various fruits, e.g. peach, apricot, peer, etc. Fruit fly, on cherry. First determined as R. indifferens Curran (B. Merz, pers. comm.) Fruit fly, on walnut North and South America , Africa Mediterranean region Africa North America North America Sauter, 1989 Neuenschwander, 1984 CABI, 2001 Merz 1991, Mani et al., 1994 Merz 1991, Mani et al, 1994 Euxesta pechumani Curran In carrion and dung, in Ticino North America B. Merz., pers. comm.
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