TRANSLATION AND MEANING: A CULTURAL- COGNITIVE ...

similar in style or effect to the source text, the evaluator controls mainly the
linguistic expression in the target language.
B. The check on TT qualities focuses on:
• sentence grammaticalness;
• appropriateness of word choice to the required level of
formality, level of generality and subject matter;
• text connectedness, i.e. the coherence, cohesion and structure
of paragraphs and global text;
• the stylistic qualities of clarity, naturalness and fluency of
expression.
The adjustments of the target text are modifications of the types:
addition, elimination or harmonization. At this stage of revision the
translator may have to add the figures of units of measurements which
require transformations or cultural terms left deliberately provisional until
the whole text has been translated. Other modifications involve eliminations
of source language interferences, e.g. anglicisms, which account for many
translation errors, and harmonization of the final draft translated by different
translators (Sager, 1993:239). Harmonization is performed to ensure the
target text uniformity in terms of terminology and style.
Evaluation and revision procedures
The procedures used at this stage, just like at the other stages, are
determined by the goals to be reached and the actions to be carried out (see
Table below). For evaluating the target text quality the evaluator uses
strategies such as checking, comparing, asking the source-text writer or
initiator for clarification, verifying, identifying errors, and assessing the
communicative effects of errors. As techniques, he/she makes recourse to
parallel reading of the source and target text and re-reading the target text
for intrinsic qualities. Revisers generally use markings and comments.
For adjusting the target-text content and form, translators and
revisers use the method of modification. The main strategy of this step is
correcting, while the techniques are rephrasing, re-structuring, addition,
elimination, harmonization of style and terminology, which are general
writing techniques. For grave errors, translators/revisers may use the same
techniques as those used in the translation stage.
Goals Methods
Evaluating the target
text with respect to
Self
evaluation
Strategies
Checking
Comparing
Techniques
Parallel reading
Re-reading