TRANSLATION AND MEANING: A CULTURAL- COGNITIVE ...

specifications
Evaluating the target
text as a piece of
target-language
writing
Adjustment of
content and form
Conclusions
Reviser
evaluation
Modifi-
cation
Asking for
clarification
Verifying
Identifying
errors
Assessing
effects of errors
Correcting
Marking
Commenting
Writing techniques:
Rephrasing
Re-structuring
Addition
Elimination
Harmonization of
terminology / style
Translation
techniques:
Paraphrase
Omission
Paraphrase
In the course of translation, translators perform operations of various
kinds: cognitive, general text - processing, and translation – specific, which
make up procedures. Their choice is controlled by the configuration of
factors specific to each phase, stage or step of translation. In this article we
have distinguished among the widely accepted procedures of method,
strategy, and technique and have identified those used in the steps of
evaluation and revision. Since the overriding factors determining their use
are the goals of the steps and the configuration of factors specific to a
translation situation, we have correlated the procedures with the goals of the
steps. The methods were shown to differ with the two steps and further with
the person doing the evaluation, i.e. the translator or a reviser. The
techniques proved to be general writing and translation-specific.
References
Chesterman, A. 1998. ‘Communication Strategies, Learning Strategies and Translation
Strategies’ in Malmkjær, K. (ed.). Manchester: St. Jerome.
Færch, C., Kasper, G. (eds.). 1983. Strategies in Interlanguage. Communication. London:
Longman.