Beyond Feelings

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CHAPTER 19 Persuading Others 223 contracted the disease. Dentists and doctors have refused to work on patients with the disease. Undertakers have refused to embalm victims. Is such behavior justifiable? 35. To some people the Asian practice of acupuncture is pure superstition; to others it produces a real anesthetic or curative effect. Which view is correct? 36. For many years it was believed that children who receive early formal education have an advantage over those who start school at age 5 or 6. Today, some educators challenge that view. They speculate that intellectual and emotional harm can result from putting very young children into structured learning situations. Which view is the more reasonable one for parents to accept? 37. The increase in violence in this country (and a number of other Western countries) in recent years has given new currency to an old issue. Are human beings naturally, instinctively aggressive, or is aggression learned behavior? 38. Many people believe that parents should be held legally responsible for the acts of their children. This would mean that whenever criminal charges are filed against a child, the parents would be listed as co-defendants. Is this a fair and reasonable approach to the problem of juvenile crime? 39. The term tenure means “permanent appointment.” Once teachers receive tenure, they can be fired only for serious cause. Tenure originally was designed to ensure that teachers would enjoy the right to teach their subject without fear of punishment for having unpopular views or taking an unorthodox approach to their subject. This right is known as “academic freedom.” Over the past few decades, the tenure system has become controversial. Those who oppose it claim that its principal feature today is no longer the guarantee of academic freedom but, instead, protection of the mediocre and the incompetent. Those who support tenure argue that the need for academic freedom has never been greater and that, far from diminishing the quality of education, tenure increases it. Does the tenure system help or hinder the process of education? 40. Some people believe that English should be declared the official language of the United States. They believe that this would encourage assimilation, foster understanding among citizens, increase citizens’ participation in democratic processes, and save resources in education and in government. Opponents of the idea argue that one’s native language is a defining characteristic of a person’s individuality and therefore that linguistic diversity should be encouraged. In their view, declaring English the official language of the United States would be an insult to everyone who speaks another language and a source of disharmony among U.S. citizens of different backgrounds. Should English be declared the official language of the United States?
Notes CHAPTER 1: WHO ARE YOU? 1. This section is copyright © 2010 by MindPower, Inc. Used with permission. 2. Peggy Rosenthal offers a slightly different explanation of the same phenomenon: “Even when we think we are choosing our words with care and giving them precise meanings, they can mean much more (or less) than we think; and when we use them carelessly, without thinking, they can still carry thoughts. These thoughts we’re not aware of, these meanings we don’t intend, can then carry us into certain beliefs and behavior—whether or not we notice where we’re going.” Rosenthal, Words and Values: Some Leading Words and Where They Lead Us (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), viii. 3. One example of non sequitur is a child’s answer to his teacher’s question “Why do you get so dirty during playtime?” He responded, “Because I’m closer to the ground than you are.” Another is the conclusion of a medical authority in 1622 about the treatment of a wound: “If the wound is large, the weapon [emphasis added] with which the patient has been wounded should be anointed daily; otherwise, every two or three days.” The medical quotation is from Christopher Cerf and Victor Navasky, The Experts Speak: The Definitive Compendium of Authoritative Misinformation (New York: Villard, 1998), p. 38. 4. See Buck v. Bell, 1927. 5. Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), p. 335. 6. Michael D’Antonio, The State Boys Rebellion (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), pp. 5, 18. 7. James M. Henslin, Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 7th ed. (New York: Pearson, 2005), pp. 87, 302. 8. Henslin, Sociology, p. 401. 9. Daniel Goleman, Vital Lies, Simple Truths (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985), p. 209. 10. Henslin, Sociology, pp. 5, 56. 11. Quoted in David G. Myers, Social Psychology, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993), pp. 186–87. 12. Cited in James Fallows, Breaking the News: How the Media Undermine American Democracy (New York: Pantheon Books, 1996), pp. 117–18. 13. Cole Campbell, editor of the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, quoted in Fallows, Breaking the News, p. 246. 14. Ellen Hume, commentator, on Reliable Sources, CNN, June 22, 1999. 15. Larry Sabato, appearing on 60 Minutes, CBS, July 4, 1999. 224
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Beyond Feelings A Guide to Critical
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CHAPTER 14 Knowing Yourself Western
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