NOTES 225 16. Diane F. DiClemente and Donald A. Hantula, “John Broadus Watson, I-O Psychologist,” Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, http://siop.org/tip/backissues/ TipApril00/Diclemente.htm. 17. Cited in Richard Nisbett and Lee Ross, First Impressions. Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1980), p. 173. 18. See, for example, Elizabeth F. Loftus, Eyewitness Testimony (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979, 1996). 19. Mortimer J. Adler and Charles Van Doren, How to Read a Book, rev. ed. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972), p. 4. 20. Harry A. Overstreet, The Mature Mind (New York: Norton, 1949, 1959), p. 136. 21. Maxwell Maltz, Psycho-Cybernetics (New York: Pocket Books, 1969), pp. 49–53. 22. Martin E. A. Seligman, Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Life, 2d ed. New York: Free Press, 1990, 1998), p. 288. 23. Viktor Frankl, The Unheard Cry for Meaning (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978), pp. 35, 67, 83. 24. Viktor Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning (New York: Washington Square Press, 1963), pp. 122–23. 25. Frankl, Unheard Cry, pp. 39, 90, 95. CHAPTER 2: WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING? 1. Chester I. Barnard, The Function of the Executive (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1938), p. 303. 2. James Harvey Robinson, in Charles P. Curtis Jr. and Ferris Greenslet, eds., The Practical Cogitator, or the Thinker’s Anthology (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1945), p. 6. 3. Leonard Woolf, quoted in Rowland W. Jepson, Clear Thinking, 5th ed. (New York: Longman, Green, 1967 [1936]), p. 10. 4. Percey W. Bridgman, The Intelligent Individual and Society (New York: Macmillan, 1938), p. 182. 5. For a remarkably clear discussion of this complex subject, see Mortimer J. Adler, Intellect: Mind over Matter (New York: Macmillan, 1990). 6. William Barrett, Death of the Soul from Descartes to the Computer (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1986), pp. 10, 53, 75. 7. John Dewey, How We Think (New York: Heath, 1933), p. 4. 8. Dewey, How We Think, pp. 88–90. 9. R. W. Gerard, “The Biological Basis of Imagination,” Scientific Monthly, June 1946, p. 477. 10. Gerard, “Biological Basis,” p. 478. 11. Copyright © 2002 by MindPower, Inc. Used with permission. 12. Copyright © 2002 by MindPower, Inc. Used with permission. CHAPTER 3: WHAT IS TRUTH? 1. Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1922), p. 90. 2. Gordon W. Allport and Leo Postman, The Psychology of Rumor (New York: Russell & Russell, 1965 [1947]), p. 100. 3. Quoted in Francis L. Wellman, The Art of Cross-Examination (New York: Collier Books, 1962), p. 175. 4. Elizabeth Loftus and Katherine Ketcham, Witness for the Defense (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991), p. 137. 5. Time, August 14, 1972, p. 52. 6. “Chaplin Film Is Discovered,” Binghamton (New York) Press, September 8, 1982, p. 7A.
226 NOTES 7. “Town’s Terror Frozen in Time,” New York Times, November 21, 1982, sec. 4, p. 7. 8. “A Tenth Planet?” Time, May 8, 1972, p. 46. 9. Herrman L. Blumgart, “The Medical Framework for Viewing the Problem of Human Experimentation,” Daedalus, Spring 1969, p. 254. 10. This section copyright © MindPower, Inc., 2008, 2010. Used with permission. 11. Cited in Robert H. Bork, Slouching Towards Gomorrah (New York: ReganBooks, 1996), p. 144. 12. “Back to School,” New York Times, March 11, 1973, sec. 4, p. 4. 13. “The Murky Time,” Time, January 1, 1973, p. 57ff. CHAPTER 4: WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO KNOW? 1. Barbara Risman, “Intimate Relationships from a Microstructural Perspective: Men Who Mother,” Gender and Society 1(1), 1987, pp. 6–32. 2. S. Minerbrook, “The Forgotten Pioneers,” U.S. News & World Report, August 8, 1994, p. 53. 3. Carol Tavris, Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982), p. 144. 4. Paul F. Boller Jr., Not So: Popular Myths About America from Columbus to Clinton (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), chap. 5. 5. Boller, Not So, chap. 2. 6. Judith A. Reisman and Edward W. Eichel, Kinsey, Sex, and Fraud (Lafayette, La.: Huntington House, 1990). 7. Thomas Sowell, Race and Culture: A World View (New York: Basic Books, 1994), pp. 92–93. 8. Sowell, Race and Culture, chap. 7. 9. A. E. Mander, Logic for the Millions (New York: Philosophical Library, 1947), pp. 40–41. 10. Rowland W. Jepson, Clear Thinking, 5th ed. (New York: Longman, Green, 1967), p. 123. 11. Karl-Erick Fichtelius and Sverre Sjolander, Smarter Than Man? Intelligence in Whales, Dolphins and Humans, trans. Thomas Teal (New York: Random House, 1972), p. 147. 12. Karl Menninger, Whatever Became of Sin? (New York: Hawthorne Books, 1973). 13. Thomas Fleming, “Who Really Discovered America?” Reader’s Digest, March 1973, p. 145ff. 14. “Scientists Say Chinese ‘Discovered’ America,” (Oneonta, New York) Star, October 31, 1981, p. 2. 15. “Shibboleth Bites Dust,” Intellectual Digest, July 1973, p. 68. 16. “Empty Nests,” Intellectual Digest, July 1973, p. 68. 17. “Psychic Senility,” Intellectual Digest, May 1973, p. 68. 18. Time, August 20, 1973, p. 67. 19. Nova, PBS-TV, September 21, 1993. 20. Mortimer J. Adler, “A Philosopher’s Religious Faith,” in Philosophers Who Believe: The Spiritual Journeys of Eleven Leading Thinkers, ed. Kelly James Clark (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1993), p. 215. 21. Mark A. Noll, The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1994), p. 238. 22. Herbert Kupferberg, “Why Scientists Prowl the Sea Floor,” Parade, July 29, 1973, p. 12ff. 23. “Beer Test,” Parade, May 13, 1973, p. 4. 24. Bernard Goldberg, Bias: A CBS Insider Exposes How the Media Distort the News (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2002), p. 20. 25. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/02/16/60minutes/main1323169.shtml, accessed August 9, 2006. 26. http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110008220, accessed July 11, 2006.
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