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Transportation<br />

Table Page<br />

Prices<br />

Tanker fleet<br />

59 Tanker fleet development in OPEC Members 103<br />

60 World tanker fleet by age 104<br />

61 World liquid gas carrier fleet by size and type 105<br />

62 Liquid gas carrier fleet in OPEC Members 105<br />

63 World combined carrier fleet by size 106<br />

64 World laid-up tanker and combined carrier tonnage by size 106<br />

Tanker freight rates<br />

65 Average spot freight rates for all routes 107<br />

66 Freight costs in the spot market 108<br />

67 Spot tanker freight rates for all sizes 109<br />

Pipelines<br />

68 Crude oil pipelines in OPEC Members: 110<br />

Algeria, Indonesia, IR Iran 110<br />

Iraq, Kuwait, SP Libyan AJ 111<br />

Nigeria, Qatar 112<br />

Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates 113<br />

Venezuela 114<br />

69 Gas pipelines in OPEC Members 115<br />

70 Product pipelines in OPEC Members 117<br />

71 Spot OPEC Reference Basket prices 119<br />

72 Spot crude oil prices 120<br />

Graph 50 Spot OPEC Reference Basket and other spot crude oil prices 124<br />

Graph 51 Spot price differences of WTI, Brent and Dubai to OPEC Basket 124<br />

Graph 52 Spot price of Bonny Light and Arab Heavy 124<br />

Graph 53 Spot price differences of Bonny Light and Arab Heavy to OPEC Basket 124<br />

73 Crude oil price in nominal and real terms 125<br />

74 Spot refined products prices in major markets 126<br />

75 Retail prices of refined products in OPEC Members 127<br />

76 Composite barrel and its components in major consuming countries 128<br />

Graph 54 Crude oil prices in nominal and real terms 129<br />

Graph 55 Composite barrel and its components 129<br />

Major oil companies<br />

77 Principal operations of the major oil companies 130<br />

78 Revenue, operating costs, deductions, taxation and net income of the major oil companies 131<br />

79 Costs, deductions, taxation and net income as a percentage of revenue of the major oil companies 132<br />

80 Capital and exploratory expenditure of the major oil companies 133<br />

General notes<br />

Definitions 134<br />

Country groupings 135<br />

Economic organizations 136<br />

Abbreviations 136<br />

Sources 138<br />

Conversion factors 139<br />

Subject index 140<br />

Map OPEC flows of crude and refined oil inside back cover<br />

3

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