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Transportation<br />
Table Page<br />
Prices<br />
Tanker fleet<br />
59 Tanker fleet development in OPEC Members 103<br />
60 World tanker fleet by age 104<br />
61 World liquid gas carrier fleet by size and type 105<br />
62 Liquid gas carrier fleet in OPEC Members 105<br />
63 World combined carrier fleet by size 106<br />
64 World laid-up tanker and combined carrier tonnage by size 106<br />
Tanker freight rates<br />
65 Average spot freight rates for all routes 107<br />
66 Freight costs in the spot market 108<br />
67 Spot tanker freight rates for all sizes 109<br />
Pipelines<br />
68 Crude oil pipelines in OPEC Members: 110<br />
Algeria, Indonesia, IR Iran 110<br />
Iraq, Kuwait, SP Libyan AJ 111<br />
Nigeria, Qatar 112<br />
Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates 113<br />
Venezuela 114<br />
69 Gas pipelines in OPEC Members 115<br />
70 Product pipelines in OPEC Members 117<br />
71 Spot OPEC Reference Basket prices 119<br />
72 Spot crude oil prices 120<br />
Graph 50 Spot OPEC Reference Basket and other spot crude oil prices 124<br />
Graph 51 Spot price differences of WTI, Brent and Dubai to OPEC Basket 124<br />
Graph 52 Spot price of Bonny Light and Arab Heavy 124<br />
Graph 53 Spot price differences of Bonny Light and Arab Heavy to OPEC Basket 124<br />
73 Crude oil price in nominal and real terms 125<br />
74 Spot refined products prices in major markets 126<br />
75 Retail prices of refined products in OPEC Members 127<br />
76 Composite barrel and its components in major consuming countries 128<br />
Graph 54 Crude oil prices in nominal and real terms 129<br />
Graph 55 Composite barrel and its components 129<br />
Major oil companies<br />
77 Principal operations of the major oil companies 130<br />
78 Revenue, operating costs, deductions, taxation and net income of the major oil companies 131<br />
79 Costs, deductions, taxation and net income as a percentage of revenue of the major oil companies 132<br />
80 Capital and exploratory expenditure of the major oil companies 133<br />
General notes<br />
Definitions 134<br />
Country groupings 135<br />
Economic organizations 136<br />
Abbreviations 136<br />
Sources 138<br />
Conversion factors 139<br />
Subject index 140<br />
Map OPEC flows of crude and refined oil inside back cover<br />
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