DICTIONARY OF MUSIC - El Atril

FEIEDLANDER FROBERGER 111
and was widely known as a baritone singer.
He sang at the Crystal Palace on April 19, 1884,
and elsewhere in London. He took the degree
of Dr. in Philosophy at Kostock in 1887, and
since 1894 has been a teacher of music at the
University of Berlin. He has taken np musical
investigation, especially in connection with
Schubert ; and has edited the new edition of
Peters' collection of Schubert's songs with a
supplement of variants ; Schubert's duets ;
Schubert's quintet, ' Nur wer die Sehnsucht '
;
Gluck's Odes ; revised edition of the text to
Schumann's songs ; 100 Deutsche Volkslieder
(not before published) ;
Stockhausen's Gesangstechuik
(with the author). For many years
he has devoted himself to the collection of
materials for an exhaustive biography of
Schubert, for which he is well qualitied. He
made au interesting collection of the original
setting of Goethe's poems.
FRIEDLANDER, Thekla, a
a.
distinguished
soprano singer, whose fame was principally
established in London ; according to the 2£oiithly
Musical Record (June 1, 1875), she was a pupil
of Ferdinand Hiller, and Schneider of Cologne.
On Dec. 11, 1S73, she made a most successful
first appearance in the soprano part on the pro-
duction of Bruch's ' Odj'sseus ' at the Gewandhaus
, Leipzig. She made her debuts in England,
May 8, 1875, at the Kew Philharmonic Concert,
and sang on June 7 at the Philharmonic, Nov.
13, at the Popular Concerts, March 18, 1876, at
the Crystal Palace, and at all the Halle recitals
of the same year. On May 27, 1876, she
sang with Frl. Redeker (Lady Semon) in duets
of Rubinstein at the New Philharmonic on the
latter's debut in this country, and was frequently
engaged with her in singing duets at
the Popular Concerts and elsewliere before the
marriage of the last named. Miss Friedlrinder
sang also at the Richter and Henschel Concerts,
and on March 25, 1886, at the Bach Choir in
the third part of Schumann's 'Faust,' and in
the provinces, etc. About this time she returned
permanently to Germany. The possessor of a
sympathetic soprano voice of great delicacy and
refinement, she excelled in old Italian airs, and
the lieder of her own country, viz. , Schubert,
Schumann, and Brahms. A. c.
FRITZ, Barthold, celebrated mechanician
and maker of instruments, son of a miller, born
near Brunswick, 1697. He had no education,
but found out for himself the p)rinciples of organ-
building, and made in all nearly 500 organs,
clavecins, and clavichords, beginning in 1721
ivith a clavichord of 4 octaves. The tone of all
his instruments was good, especially in the bass.
He died at Brunswick, July 17, 1766. He published
' Anweisung, wie man Claviere ... in alien
zwolf Tonen gleich rein stimmen kijnne, etc'
(Leipzig, 1756-57-80), a new system of tuning
keyed instruments by means of fifths and octaves,
which, though erroneous, had much success.
having gone through three editions, and being
translated into Dutch by no less a person than
Hummel. m. g. 0.
F'ROBERGER,! Juhann Jacob, eminent organist,
born, according to Mattheson, atHallein
Saxony, where his father was Cantor, but at what
dateisunknown. On the accession of the Emperor
Ferdinand III. (Feb. 15, 1637) he was appointed
court organist at Viemia. There are entries of
his salary in the accounts of the Hofcapelle, from
Jan. 1 to Sept. 30, 1637, ^ Irom Aprd 1, 1641, to
Oct. 1645, and from April 1, 1653, to Oct. 30,
1657. The interval from 1637 to 1641 was
occupied by his stay in Italy as Frescobaldi's
pupil, and a grant of 200 Horins for his journey
is entered in the accounts under June 22, 1637.
[In 1649 he was in Vienna again (see Pluygens'
Correspondence, 1882, p. cxcix. )]. In 1 657 he left
the Emperor's service. In 1062 he journeyed
to London, where lie was twice robbed on the
way, and arrived in so destitute a condition
that he thankfully accepted the post of organblower
at "Westminster Abbey, oH'ered him by
Christopher Gibbons, then organist of the Chapel
Royal and the Abbey. Gibbons was playing be-
I'ore the Court on the occasion of Charles II. 's
marriage, when Froberger overblew the bellows,
and thus interrupted the performance, on which
the enraged organist overwhelmed him with
abuse and even blows. Froberger seized the op-
}iortunity a few minutes after to sit down to the
instrument, and imjn-o vised in a style which was
at once recognised by a foreign lady who had
formerly been his pupil and knew his style. She
presented him to the King, who received him
graciously, and made him play on the harpsichord
to the astonishment of all. This curious
anecdote is not mentioned by English writers,
but is given by Jlattheson (^Elircnpforte) from
Froberger's own MS. notes. Mattheson states
that he became a Roman Catholic during his visit
to Rome, but it is almost certain that he was
already one when he entered the Emperor's service
in 1637. The late Anton Schmidt, Gustos
of the Imperial Library, maintained that he again
became a Lutheran after his visit to London, and
was dismissed from his post of Court organist on
that account. The contradiction has never been
explained, but that he died a Catholic we know,
from an autograph letter of Sibylla, Duchess
Dowager of "Wiirtemberg, who was his ]iupi],
and who offered him an asylum in her house
at Herioourt, near Montbelliard, where he died.
May 7, 1667. See Zicei Bricfe uher J. J. Froberger
... by Dr. Edmund Schebek (Prague,
1874). His jirinted works— here first given
accurately— are 1. 'Diverse ingegnosissime e
rarissime Partite di Toccate, Canzone, Ricercari
. . . Stampate da Lodovico Bourgeat . . . Mogont.
1693
'—two copies in possession of the writer,
' So, andnotFrohherger, is tlie name spelt by the last iuveatij^tor
Dr, E. Schebek.
" This aloue shows that the received date o( his birth. 1635, must
be wrong.