DICTIONARY OF MUSIC - El Atril

172 GIORGI GIOVANNINI
be the greatest success of his career. ' Andrea
Chenier ' speedily made the round of the Italian
theatres, and it was produced at Berlin in
1898. It was given in London by the Carl
Rosa Company in an English version at the
Camden Theatre on April 2, 1903. In 1897
a revised version of ' Mala Vita ' was produced
under the name of 'II Voto,' and in 1898
' Fedora, ' an operatic version of Sardou's famous
drama, repeated in a less degree the success of
' Andrea Chenier. ' The composer's latest opera,
'Siberia' (Milan, 1904), appears to have been
decidedly less successful. Giordano is a typical
member of the group of composers who sprang
into fame on the skirts of Mascagni, whose
methods of workmanship his earlier operas
reproduce with singular fidelity. In ' Andrea
Chenier '
he displayed a more definite individu-
ality of style, and indeed there are passages in
this and in his later works that exhibit considerably
more refinement of execution than
the N"eo-Italian school usually attempts. Giordano
has an exuberant gift of melody and a
strong feeling for dramatic effect, but his scores
lack solidity, and in his music the usual
theatrical tricks for extorting applause too
often take the place of a sincere expression of
emotion. E. A. s.
GIORGI. See Banti.
GIOVANELLI, RurJOiEEO, born 1560 at
Velletri, near Rome. Nothing is known of his
circumstances or early studies. In 1585 we find
him maestro di capella to San Luigi de' Francesi
in Rome ; from thence he passed to the Cliiesa
deir Anima, belonging to the German College ;
and, March 12, 1594, wasappointed Palestrina's
successor at St. Peter's, entering on his duties
three days later. On April 7, 1599, he was
made a member of the Sistine choir. He was
living in 1615, as in that year he published
the second volume of his new edition of the
' Graduale, ' undertaken at the reijuest of Pope
Paul v., and magnificently printed at the
Medici press, but disfigured by many arbitrary
alterations of the text. Proske has inserted a
'Dixit' of Giovanelli's in his Musica Dicina
(Tom. iii.), an