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S. torvum S. americanum S. melongea S. villosum S. nigrum F1 plant fertile inviable seeds not crossable Figure 33 Genetic relationship among cultivated S. melongena and other species. Arrow heads point towards female parents. Therefore, the interspecfic hybridization among S. melongena and its wild relatives is applied to determine the genetic relationships. The degree of crossiblility is determined by the percentages of fruit setting and number of seed per fruit and confirmation of the interpecific hybrids were done by pollen fertility, ploidy levels determination and morphological characters. The result showes that S. torvum is more closely related to S. melongena than the other three species (S. americanum, S. villosum and S. nigrum) (Figure 33) because the cross between S. melongena and S. torvum was successful and hybrid plants were obtained through embryo rescue (Table 13). Furtheremore, F1 hybrids showed low pollen fertilly and intermediate charateristics of morphology and ploidy levels when compared to their parents. 131
132 For the interspecific crossing among S. melongena and other three species (S. americanum, S. villosum and S. nigrum, S. villosum is more closely related to S. melonegena than S. americanum and S. nigrum. This due to the crosses between S. melongena and those three species gave hybrid plants but when confirmed the hybridity by pollen fertility, ploidy levels and morphological characters, they were not the true hybrid. In contrast, when used S. melongena as male parent, the hybrid fruits were obtained but no viable seeds from the cross between S. melongena and S. villosum. Moreover, from the interspecific hybridization among S. torvum and the three species (S. americanum, S. villosum and S. nigrum), S. villosum is more closely related to S. torvum than S. americanum and S. nigrum when considered the percentages of fruit setting and number of seeds per fruit. S. villosum has the higest percentages of fruit setting and number of seeds per fruit when compare to S. americanum and S. nigrum (Table 17). Furthermore, from the interspecific hybridization among S. americanum, S. villosum and S. nigrum, we found that S. americanum is more closely related to S. villosum than S. nigrum when considered the percentages of fruit setting and number of seeds per fruit (Table 18). Therefore, germplasm characterization provides essential, valuable information for breeding programs. Knowledge on genetic diversity and relationships among the S. melongena germplasm may play significant role in breeding programs to improve fruit quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses of S. melongena. Interspecific hybridization is possible between Solanum spp. This may accelerate diversity and increase gene pool for breeding programs. Diversity within germplasm is critical for S. melongena breeding programs. However, all F1 hybrids from interspecific hybridization are sterile which may be overcome by using hormone and/or some chemical such as GA (gibberlleic acid) and colchicines for doubling the set of chromosome.
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THESIS GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE SOU
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to ex
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LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Ninety
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Selec
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Appendi
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS cm = centimet
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Asian Vegetable Research and Develo
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OBJECTIVES 1. To characterize using
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campanulate, rotate or copular, mos
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Moreover, genetic diversity has an
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Therefore, germplasm characterizati
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some degree from each other and the
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Interspecific hybrids between wild
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Moreover, lines of S. melongena sho
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(qualitative) traits. The cluster a
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Plots of the clustering statistics
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Table 1 (Continued) Temporary No. S
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2. Genetic relationships of Solanum
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pollen grains from randomly selecte
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this stud
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Furthermore, TS02950 collected in C
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distinct from those species. Fruit
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yellow and globose. While, TS001447
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Table 4 Identification of 43 access
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Table 5 Re-identification of 5 acce
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accessions, hence, considered to ha
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Figure 1 Selected items from PROC U
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Table 7 Correlation coefficients sc
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N a m e o f V a r i a b l e o r C l
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1.2.2 Cluster analysis I. Ratio sca
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P S E U D O F S T A T I S T I C Sto
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C U B I C C L U S T E R I N G C R I
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Table 9 Accessions number of Solanu
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Table 9 (Continued) Cluster Subclus
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Stratifying the accessions into 10
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(single fruit). It has also the wid
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were collected in Laos, while S. ma
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II. Nominal traits (qualitative tra
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Table 11 (Continued) Nominal traits
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The similarity coefficient values (
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(3 accessions). Subclaster A is cha
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8 6 4 Figure 7 Cluster analysis of
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Table 12 (Continued) Cluster Subclu
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However, the determination of the m
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This result is in agreement with th
Page 95 and 96: herbicide (atrazine) resistant trai
Page 97 and 98: 3) Cross - compatibility among S. a
Page 99 and 100: when the larger-flowered species we
Page 101 and 102: Table 14 Interspecific crossability
Page 103 and 104: Table 15 Interspecific crossability
Page 105 and 106: Table 17 Intra- and interspecific c
Page 107 and 108: Table 18 (Continued) Cross combinat
Page 109 and 110: A B C D E F G H Figure 8 The hybrid
Page 111 and 112: Figure 10 F1 hybrid plant from S. m
Page 113 and 114: Confirmation of interspecific hybri
Page 115 and 116: However, pollen fertility of the in
Page 117 and 118: Table 19 The pollen fertility of F1
Page 119 and 120: Table 21 (Continued) Species Access
Page 121 and 122: S00860) showed a same ploidy level
Page 123 and 124: Moreover, an accurate determination
Page 125 and 126: S. americanum (S00269) (2n) S. amer
Page 127 and 128: S. villosum (S00854) (4n) S. villos
Page 129 and 130: S. villosum (S00860) (4n) S. villos
Page 131 and 132: Moreover, the crosses between S. am
Page 133 and 134: S. melongena (S00625) S. melongena
Page 135 and 136: S. melongena (S00809) F1 S. villosu
Page 137 and 138: S. americanum (S00861) S. americanu
Page 139 and 140: S. americanum (S00269) S. americanu
Page 141 and 142: S. villosum (TS02600) F1 S. villosu
Page 143 and 144: S. villosum (S00854) F1 S. american
Page 145: S. nigrum (TS02930) F1 S. americanu
Page 149 and 150: S. nigrum). For the interspecific c
Page 151 and 152: , and M. Ahmand.1989. Morphological
Page 153 and 154: 138 Collonnier, C., I. Fock, V. Kas
Page 155 and 156: and J.A. Chweya. 1997. Black Nights
Page 157 and 158: and . 1988b. Organelle composition
Page 159 and 160: Laban, J.C.G. 2003. Genetic Diversi
Page 161 and 162: spinous Solanums. Theoret. Appl. Ge
Page 163 and 164: Singh, J. and M. Rai. 2005. Eggplan
Page 165 and 166: APPENDICES 150
Page 167 and 168: SEEDLING DATA AVRDC-GRSU CHARACTERI
Page 169 and 170: S300 Leaf blade tip angle 1 = Very
Page 171 and 172: S530 Fruit length/breadth ratio 1 =
Page 173 and 174: S640 Fruit calyx length (N=10) ____
Page 175 and 176: Appendix Table A1 Characterization
Page 177 and 178: Appendix Table A1 (Continued) Tempo
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Appendix Table A2 (Continued) Tempo
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Appendix Table A2 (Continued) Tempo
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Appendix Table A4 List of morpholog
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Appendix Figure A2 Morphological ch
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Appendix Figure A8 Morphological ch
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Appendix B Identification of specie
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Moments N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 7.
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Moment N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 101
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Moments N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 10
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THESIS

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