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Table 8 The Shaprio-Wilk test of normality values for the highly correlated traits among the accessions of Solanum spp. Correlated traits p-value (Pr < W) Selected trait Remarks Cotyledon leaf length (mm) Cotyledon leaf width (mm) Leaf blade length (cm) Leaf blade width (cm) Petiole length (mm) Plant height (cm) Flowering time (day) Fruit stalk thickness (mm) Fruit calyx length 0.0021 0.0005 0.0074 0.0001 0.0618 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 Cotyledon leaf width easier to measure and less prone to errors Leaf blade width more normally distributed Flowering time more normally distributed Fruit stalk thickness more normally distributed 47 47
1.2.2 Cluster analysis I. Ratio scale traits (quantitative traits) The 69 accessions belonging to Solanum spp. was analysed based on the 13 traits selected using the PROC CLUSTER statement. This procedure searched throughout the data for accessions that were similar enough to be considered as part of a common cluster (Cababasay, 1996). Using the standardized data, the Unweighted Pair Group of Matheretic Average (UPGMA) was chosen to stratify the 69 accessions. This could be attributed to the fact that average linkage method (UPGMA) can be used with any resemblance coefficients compared with Ward’s method. Moreover, the similarity between pairs of clusters can be determined in a manner less extreme compare with single or complete linkage (Romesburg, 1984). This was done by taking the average distance between all pairwise combinations of observations one in each cluster (SAS, 1999). This method was also recommended by Cababasay (1991) due to its best overall performance. The PROC CLUSTER statement provided useful statistics (pseudo F, pseudo t 2 and cubic clustering criteria) that can estimate the number of clusters that will be formed out of a given data. They refer to the values that are measures of fit for the analysis of each specified number of clusters (Callantes, 2003). These statistics were given using the PSEUDO and CCC options, respectively, which are one of the options used to control the printing of the cluster history (SAS, 1999). With pseudo F statistic, Figure 3 reveals that the possible numbers of clusters used to stratify the 69 accessions of Solanum spp. were 2 and 10. With the pseudo t 2 statistic, however, Figure 4 shows that the accessions could be grouped in to 1 and 6 clusters. Figure 5, on the other hand, gave an estimate of 7 clusters using the cubic clustering criterion. In this case, there was no consensus that could be found among these criteria. 48
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THESIS GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE SOU
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to ex
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LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Ninety
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Selec
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Appendi
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS cm = centimet
Page 17 and 18: Asian Vegetable Research and Develo
Page 19 and 20: OBJECTIVES 1. To characterize using
Page 21 and 22: campanulate, rotate or copular, mos
Page 23 and 24: Moreover, genetic diversity has an
Page 25 and 26: Therefore, germplasm characterizati
Page 27 and 28: some degree from each other and the
Page 29 and 30: Interspecific hybrids between wild
Page 31 and 32: Moreover, lines of S. melongena sho
Page 33 and 34: (qualitative) traits. The cluster a
Page 35 and 36: Plots of the clustering statistics
Page 37 and 38: Table 1 (Continued) Temporary No. S
Page 39 and 40: 2. Genetic relationships of Solanum
Page 41 and 42: pollen grains from randomly selecte
Page 43 and 44: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this stud
Page 45 and 46: Furthermore, TS02950 collected in C
Page 47 and 48: distinct from those species. Fruit
Page 49 and 50: yellow and globose. While, TS001447
Page 51 and 52: Table 4 Identification of 43 access
Page 53 and 54: Table 5 Re-identification of 5 acce
Page 55 and 56: accessions, hence, considered to ha
Page 57 and 58: Figure 1 Selected items from PROC U
Page 59 and 60: Table 7 Correlation coefficients sc
Page 61: N a m e o f V a r i a b l e o r C l
Page 65 and 66: P S E U D O F S T A T I S T I C Sto
Page 67 and 68: C U B I C C L U S T E R I N G C R I
Page 69 and 70: Table 9 Accessions number of Solanu
Page 71 and 72: Table 9 (Continued) Cluster Subclus
Page 73 and 74: Stratifying the accessions into 10
Page 75 and 76: (single fruit). It has also the wid
Page 77 and 78: were collected in Laos, while S. ma
Page 79 and 80: II. Nominal traits (qualitative tra
Page 81 and 82: Table 11 (Continued) Nominal traits
Page 83 and 84: The similarity coefficient values (
Page 85 and 86: (3 accessions). Subclaster A is cha
Page 87 and 88: 8 6 4 Figure 7 Cluster analysis of
Page 89 and 90: Table 12 (Continued) Cluster Subclu
Page 91 and 92: However, the determination of the m
Page 93 and 94: This result is in agreement with th
Page 95 and 96: herbicide (atrazine) resistant trai
Page 97 and 98: 3) Cross - compatibility among S. a
Page 99 and 100: when the larger-flowered species we
Page 101 and 102: Table 14 Interspecific crossability
Page 103 and 104: Table 15 Interspecific crossability
Page 105 and 106: Table 17 Intra- and interspecific c
Page 107 and 108: Table 18 (Continued) Cross combinat
Page 109 and 110: A B C D E F G H Figure 8 The hybrid
Page 111 and 112: Figure 10 F1 hybrid plant from S. m
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Confirmation of interspecific hybri
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However, pollen fertility of the in
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Table 19 The pollen fertility of F1
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Table 21 (Continued) Species Access
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S00860) showed a same ploidy level
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Moreover, an accurate determination
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S. americanum (S00269) (2n) S. amer
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S. villosum (S00854) (4n) S. villos
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S. villosum (S00860) (4n) S. villos
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Moreover, the crosses between S. am
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S. melongena (S00625) S. melongena
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S. melongena (S00809) F1 S. villosu
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S. americanum (S00861) S. americanu
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S. americanum (S00269) S. americanu
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S. villosum (TS02600) F1 S. villosu
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S. villosum (S00854) F1 S. american
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S. nigrum (TS02930) F1 S. americanu
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132 For the interspecific crossing
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S. nigrum). For the interspecific c
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, and M. Ahmand.1989. Morphological
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138 Collonnier, C., I. Fock, V. Kas
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and J.A. Chweya. 1997. Black Nights
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and . 1988b. Organelle composition
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Laban, J.C.G. 2003. Genetic Diversi
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spinous Solanums. Theoret. Appl. Ge
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Singh, J. and M. Rai. 2005. Eggplan
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APPENDICES 150
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SEEDLING DATA AVRDC-GRSU CHARACTERI
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S300 Leaf blade tip angle 1 = Very
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S530 Fruit length/breadth ratio 1 =
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S640 Fruit calyx length (N=10) ____
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Appendix Table A1 Characterization
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Appendix Table A1 (Continued) Tempo
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Appendix Table A4 List of morpholog
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Appendix Figure A2 Morphological ch
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Appendix Figure A8 Morphological ch
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Appendix B Identification of specie
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Moments N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 7.
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Moment N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 101
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Moments N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 10
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THESIS

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