THESIS

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TS02940 collected in Malaysia. This cluster can be distinguished from the rest by having the smallest cotyledon leaf length and width ratio (3.34). Also, it has the longest period of flowering time (162.20 days). Cluster IX also includes only one species, S. torvum, consisting of 4 accessions collected in Thailand (1 accession) and Laos (4 accessions). This unique of this clusters attributed by having the longest time to germinate (15.25 days), the biggest plant breadth (249.50 cm), the largest number of plant branching (17.38) and the smallest 100 seeds weight (0.11 g). Cluster X includes 1 accession of S. torvum from Malaysia. This cluster is separated from the rest which indicated that it has ratio scale traits that are most different from the other clusters. The uniqueness of this cluster is attributed by having the largest leaf breadth (40.40 cm), the largest number of flower per inflorescence (290 flowers) and largest number of fruits per infructescence (7 fruits). However, the determination of morphological traits was associated with geographical origin basing on quantitative traits for 14 traits. Overall, the results on the accessions show the same species and same origin trend to cluster. For S. melongena the major part (approximately 27.54 %) of the variation was found within collection areas, where the major part (approximately 73.68 %) of the variation was found in Thailand. Also the variation of S. melongena is presented in the collections from Laos and Vietnam, approximately 21.05 % and 5.26 %, respectively. S. aculeatissimum presents only in cluster I and the variation was found only in the collections from Thailand (approximately 2.90 %). For S. xanthocarpum (10.14 %) belongs to cluster I and II. The variation was found in the collections from Thailand (approximately 57.14 %), Malaysia (approximately 28.57 %) and Cambodia (approximately 14.29 %). S. aethiopicum, S. mammosum and S. vairum consist of only one accession each and they were grouped together in Cluster I. S. aethiopicum and S. vairum, both 61
were collected in Laos, while S. mammosum originated from Malaysia. The three species showed homogeneous of the ratio traits in morphological characters especially in fruit shape. This included the cotyledon leaf width, cotyledon leaf length and width ratio, leaf blade width and 100 seeds weight. Cluster I and IV include S. indicum; six of accessions S. indicum belong to cluster I collected from Laos (85.71 %), while one accession belongs to cluster IV originated from Thailand (14.29 %). This resulted in the same species but different ratio scale traits and could be seperated. For example the unique of S. indicum in cluster IV is characterized by being the smallest plant breadth (49.00 cm) while S. indicum in cluster I is characterized by being the biggest plant breadth (97.17 cm). Moreover, S. sanitwongsei, the only one accession collected in Thailand, belongs to cluster III. Its morphological was similar to S. indicum collected in Laos (Figure 6). Cluster V includes 17 accessions of S. ferox and is the second largest group (approximately 24.64 %) of the variation found in Southeast Asia, where the major part (approximately 47.06 %) of the variation occur in Thailand, Laos and Malaysia, approximately 35.29 and 17.65 %, respectively. Therefore, the distribution center of S. ferox is located in Thailand and Laos due to the fact that this species is consumed in Thailand and Laos but not in Malaysia. Three accessions of S. trilobatum collected in Thailand belong to cluster VI and VII. Based on the ratio scale traits, two accessions in cluster VI, it is unique in its lowest number of primary branches per plant (9) and the smallest leaf leaf blade width (10.38 cm). Furthermore, it has the highest 100 seed weight (0.39 g), on the average. Compared to cluster VII, the one accession displayed the rest as it obtained the shortest fruit length and fruit width corresponds to 0.88 and 0.89 cm, respectively. Also, it has the smallest fruit stalk thickness (1.95 mm). Furthermore, it has the maximum cotyledon leaf length to width ratio. 62
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THESIS GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE SOU
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to ex
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LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Ninety
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Selec
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Appendi
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS cm = centimet
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Asian Vegetable Research and Develo
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OBJECTIVES 1. To characterize using
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campanulate, rotate or copular, mos
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Moreover, genetic diversity has an
Page 25 and 26: Therefore, germplasm characterizati
Page 27 and 28: some degree from each other and the
Page 29 and 30: Interspecific hybrids between wild
Page 31 and 32: Moreover, lines of S. melongena sho
Page 33 and 34: (qualitative) traits. The cluster a
Page 35 and 36: Plots of the clustering statistics
Page 37 and 38: Table 1 (Continued) Temporary No. S
Page 39 and 40: 2. Genetic relationships of Solanum
Page 41 and 42: pollen grains from randomly selecte
Page 43 and 44: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this stud
Page 45 and 46: Furthermore, TS02950 collected in C
Page 47 and 48: distinct from those species. Fruit
Page 49 and 50: yellow and globose. While, TS001447
Page 51 and 52: Table 4 Identification of 43 access
Page 53 and 54: Table 5 Re-identification of 5 acce
Page 55 and 56: accessions, hence, considered to ha
Page 57 and 58: Figure 1 Selected items from PROC U
Page 59 and 60: Table 7 Correlation coefficients sc
Page 61 and 62: N a m e o f V a r i a b l e o r C l
Page 63 and 64: 1.2.2 Cluster analysis I. Ratio sca
Page 65 and 66: P S E U D O F S T A T I S T I C Sto
Page 67 and 68: C U B I C C L U S T E R I N G C R I
Page 69 and 70: Table 9 Accessions number of Solanu
Page 71 and 72: Table 9 (Continued) Cluster Subclus
Page 73 and 74: Stratifying the accessions into 10
Page 75: (single fruit). It has also the wid
Page 79 and 80: II. Nominal traits (qualitative tra
Page 81 and 82: Table 11 (Continued) Nominal traits
Page 83 and 84: The similarity coefficient values (
Page 85 and 86: (3 accessions). Subclaster A is cha
Page 87 and 88: 8 6 4 Figure 7 Cluster analysis of
Page 89 and 90: Table 12 (Continued) Cluster Subclu
Page 91 and 92: However, the determination of the m
Page 93 and 94: This result is in agreement with th
Page 95 and 96: herbicide (atrazine) resistant trai
Page 97 and 98: 3) Cross - compatibility among S. a
Page 99 and 100: when the larger-flowered species we
Page 101 and 102: Table 14 Interspecific crossability
Page 103 and 104: Table 15 Interspecific crossability
Page 105 and 106: Table 17 Intra- and interspecific c
Page 107 and 108: Table 18 (Continued) Cross combinat
Page 109 and 110: A B C D E F G H Figure 8 The hybrid
Page 111 and 112: Figure 10 F1 hybrid plant from S. m
Page 113 and 114: Confirmation of interspecific hybri
Page 115 and 116: However, pollen fertility of the in
Page 117 and 118: Table 19 The pollen fertility of F1
Page 119 and 120: Table 21 (Continued) Species Access
Page 121 and 122: S00860) showed a same ploidy level
Page 123 and 124: Moreover, an accurate determination
Page 125 and 126: S. americanum (S00269) (2n) S. amer
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S. villosum (S00854) (4n) S. villos
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S. villosum (S00860) (4n) S. villos
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Moreover, the crosses between S. am
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S. melongena (S00625) S. melongena
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S. melongena (S00809) F1 S. villosu
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S. americanum (S00861) S. americanu
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S. americanum (S00269) S. americanu
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S. villosum (TS02600) F1 S. villosu
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S. villosum (S00854) F1 S. american
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S. nigrum (TS02930) F1 S. americanu
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132 For the interspecific crossing
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S. nigrum). For the interspecific c
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, and M. Ahmand.1989. Morphological
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138 Collonnier, C., I. Fock, V. Kas
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and J.A. Chweya. 1997. Black Nights
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and . 1988b. Organelle composition
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Laban, J.C.G. 2003. Genetic Diversi
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spinous Solanums. Theoret. Appl. Ge
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Singh, J. and M. Rai. 2005. Eggplan
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APPENDICES 150
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SEEDLING DATA AVRDC-GRSU CHARACTERI
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S300 Leaf blade tip angle 1 = Very
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S530 Fruit length/breadth ratio 1 =
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S640 Fruit calyx length (N=10) ____
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Appendix Table A1 Characterization
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Appendix Table A1 (Continued) Tempo
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Appendix Table A4 List of morpholog
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Appendix Figure A2 Morphological ch
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Appendix Figure A8 Morphological ch
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Appendix B Identification of specie
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Moments N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 7.
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Moment N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 101
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Moments N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 10
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THESIS

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